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TWIN WINSTON-MLEM cities. 



FORSYTH COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA. 



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SOUVENIR 



OF THE 



TWIN CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



WINSTON --SALEM, 



FORSYTH COUNTY. 



DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL. 



Br MRS. A. V. WINKLER. 



Facts, sir! facts are stubborn things." — Dickkns. 



SALEM, N; C. 

BLUMs' STEAM POWER PRESS PRINT. 
1890. 






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TWIN-GITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



CHAPTER I. 



Distinguishing Characteristics. 

The Twin-Cities of Winston-Salem, are situated in a rolling 
woodland country amongst the foot-hills of the Blue Ridge Moun- 
tains — about one thousand feet above the level of the sea. They 
are distant from Greensboro, on the Piedmont Air Line Railroad, 
the great highway of traifc and travel between New Orleans, Mobile, 
Atlanta, Washington City and New York, only twenty-nine miles, 
which is reached by a branch of the Richmond & Danville Railroad. 
This line has been extended thirteen miles westward to Rural Hall 
where it connects with the Cape Fear & Yadkin Valley Road, but 
whose objective point is Wilkesboro, thence to Bristol, Tennessee, 
opening up from there, a direct line to Cincinnati, Ohio, and the 
immense grain markets of the far West. The Roanoke & Southern 
has been completed to Walnut Cove, eighteen miles north, by way 
of Madison, and Martinsville to Roanoke, Va., connecting with 
Norfolk & Western, and Shanadoah Valley Roads. From Win- 
ston-Salem South, the road will be built to give a competing line to 
Charleston, Augusta and Atlanta. 

Shut in from the outside world, with only one road connecting 
them with the great centres of trade, the necessity of other outlets 
has presented itself, and been crystallized during the past few years 
in the two latter enterprises which have interested their citizens 
sufficiently to invest large amounts of capital, the R. & S. being 
owned and controlled almost exclusively by stockholders ot the two 
towns — presenting a showing of energy and substantial prosperity 
not excelled in the South. 



6 TwiN-crnp:s of north Carolina — winston-salem. 

The population of the Twin-Cities is estimated at fourteen 
thousand, at least five thousand being colored laborers in the to- 
bacco factories of Winston, with between seven and eight hundred 
operatives in the cotton and wool factories, grist mills, iron works, 
planing and saw mills, &c. , of Salem. The white people who are 
thus employed are sober, industrious and moral in the strict sense 
of the word, both sexes finding work at remunerative rates. They 
occupy neat residences near their business, which are rented at 
reasonable prices. Their employers are humane and considerate, 
and there is nothing of the oppression and suffering sometimes found 
amongst the working people of the North. There are also many 
white girls and women engaged in house service, and while they 
are efficient as help in kitchen and house, are respected by those 
who engage their services. 

Both male and female colored hands are employed in the to- 
bacco factories, women earning so much higher wages there, than 
in families as cooks and house-servants, that house- keepers find 
it difficult to procure steady help amongst this class of population. 

There is very little lawlessness in their lives, as the police sys- 
tem of Winston is second to none in the United States, and yet 
strange to relate, qiiiet and industrious as they are, making good 
wages all the time, yet they spend money freely on dress and luxu- 
ries to eat, and save nothing, having little apparent ambition to 
secure for themselves homes of their own, — preferring to rent, and 
trust to the future with that happy complacency distinguishing the 
race. 

Salem can boast of only one police-man which is all-sufficient, 
as no act of violence ever disturbs the quiet of the place, its inhab- 
itants retiring at night with no fears of midnight intruders. There 
is no saloon within its limits, no gambling house to entrap the un- 
wary, while the saloons of Winston are all relegated to the back 
and side streets. 

Both places have a fine system of water-works, the water being 
pumped into reservoirs by means of overshot wheels from large 
wells and ponds in the vicinity, furnishing an abundant supply for 
every purpose. The first water-works were in operation in Salem 
in 1778, improved in 1828 and at subsequent periods since. 

To the stranger, the contrast between the two places is very 
striking. Salem — representing the sturdy old civilization of years 
of toil and care, with a refinement of taste in all its surroundings, 
coupled with the common-sense durability of the works of the early 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 7 

Moravian settlers, and the fresh enterprise, modern Iniildings and 
general air of the life of to-day in Winston. Strange to chronicle, 
lying as they do side by side, one only a continuation of the other, 
the difference only manifest by the marking of the streets, each with 
its separate city government, separate post-office, yet in no way the 
rival of the other, and both living together socially and commer- 
cially with the utmost feelings of fraternal regard and relationship, — 
nearly one hundred years stretching from the early settlement of 
the one to the foundation of the other. 

Winston is known to the world as a great tobacco centre — 
Salem as the seat of the oldest female college in the South, and 
many do not recognize the fact, that the two are connected by the 
close ties that bind them together — or that Salem has the largest 
cotton and wool factories of the State, two fine grist mills, and saw 
and planing mills equal in capacity to anything in North Carolina. 

The two towns recognize in each the help-meet of the other. 
Winstonians invariably drive visitors to the places of his- 
toric interest in Salem round which a tinge of romance hangs for 
all sight seers, and Salemites, in turn, show their guests through the 
large tobacco factories of Winston, and explain the immense busi- 
ness that throbs and pulsates through the marts of trade. They 
are proud also of showing its elegant stores ; handsonie churches 
and fine private residences— with its Macadamized Streets, court- 
house square paved with square blocks of granite, and business 
houses built up compactly around the temple of justice, and stretch- 
ing to the adjoining streets. 

The climate is temperate, healthy and salubrious. Nestled at 
the foot of a chain of mountains, the country is exempt from those 
sudden changes of extreme heat and cold that characterizes many 
places. The water is a clear, pure, delicious freestone and very 
plentiful. In Salem is a fine spring of Chalybeate mineral water, 
prized for its medical qualities, and a resort for the citizens, but 
could be made available to strangers by a little outlay of money. 
At present, the water is only sold on the streets — delivered at the 
doors of residences. The elevation above the sea-level precludes 
the possibility of the existence of epidemics of yellow fever, and 
deaths from malarial disease are about one hundred to ten hundred. 
People live to a ripe old age, while deaths from consumption aver- 
age only about five hundred to every ten thousand — intestinal dis- 
eases about one hundred and fifty to ten thousand. These figures 
indicate the advantages of Winston-Salem, as a healthy location for 



8 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WTNSTON-SAI.EM. 

families — and the entire safety parents feel in sending their daugh- 
ters to Salem to be educated. During so many years of the life of 
the noted educational institution and the thousands of girls sent here 
from malarial districts, very few have ever died. 

Every variety of fruit grows well and matures finely in this lo- 
cality — the Fruit Fair held last August in Winston disclosing the 
fact that many nurseries in this vicinity do a thriving busine:is — 
pears and peaches attaining to as great perfection as in the fa- 
mous lands of California — and apples as delicate in flavor as those 
of any Northern market. The dried fruit industry has quite a trade 
in its line, as much is shipped to other places. Also a cannery 
does here a good local business. Particularly is this section the 
home of the grape, great quantities of which are raised for home 
consumption, and also made into wine. As early as 1769 the 
abundance of wild grapes in the Wachovia Settlements suggested 
the manufacture of wine, nineteen hogsheads being made during 
that year. Ever since, the cultivation of grapes has been an im- 
portant industry by improving the varieties. Much wine of deli- 
cious flavor is made every year, one gentleman'^^ who has kept his 
wine vaults in Salem, exporting in 1869 ten thousand two hundred 
and sixty gallons of wine — North, South, East and West. He says: 
'■'A large grape grower in the United States could not supply the 
demand of his own wines, and filled his orders with North Carolina 
wines, which is proof enough to show that our wines are all right." 

Every variety of vegetable grows well in this climate, and no 
day in the year, but they are offered for sale at the door, by the 
thrifty country people, who do a thriving business with their truck 
patches. They also bring in a quantity of butter, milk, and wild 
game ready dressed, making Winston-Salem a desirable place for 
the purchase of delicacies for the table, as only the butchers have a 
market in either town. 

The minerals found in the county are mica, which glistens all 
over the earth, iron, manganese, asbestos and traces of gold. 

The iron is quite abundant, while eighteen miles north, on the 
Roanoke & Southern Railway in Stokes County, is situated the 
Danbury Iron mines, ' ' which are e.xceedingly rich in their deposit. 
Adjacent to these mines, lie the Dan River Coal Fields, "which is 
the only coal deposit in the State worthy of mention in the Coal 
Trade, a pamphlet published in New York, with the endorsement 
of United States Government officials." 

* S. T. Mickey. 



TWIN CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 9 

The forests of valuable timber surrounding Winston-Salem — 
embrace nearly every variety grown in North America. The yel- 
low pine, ten varieties of oak, and hickoiy are the most utilized, 
the latter "useful in manufacture of spokes and handles of different 
kinds," the white oak into baskets, and other varieties and yellow 
pine, birch, cedar, walnut, &c., into lumber for building purposes. 
The brick is of superior quality, and endurable. 

Winston is lighted by electric and incandescent lights. Salem 
by gas in its buildings and residences and oil lamps on the streets 
placed at regular intervals, as has been the custom for a great many 
years. Salem has its streets paved with cobble stones and brick 
pavements put down long before the memory of the oldest inhab- 
itant. 

Trim flower beds, well clipped hedges of box, a profusion of 
roses, climbing honey-suckle, Virginia creeper in neat gardens to 
the side of the houses of Salem present a quaint picture, many of 
the dwellings fronting directly on the street and porches overhang- 
ing the side-walks, some of which are covered with tile roofs, like 
many of the old houses in the French portion of New Orleans. 
Above all, stretch the mighty arms of the stately old elms which 
have lined the side-walks so many years, linking their branches in 
bower-like beauty above the streets, beckoning a welcome to the 
stranger as they nod and kiss in the balmy sunshine. 

Main street extends through both places for a distance of over 
two miles. Cherry street in Winston is the most popular for resi- 
dences, where modern architectural skill is displayed in the elegant 
homes, with grassy lawns, gay parterres of flowers and sparkling 
fountains suggestive of ease, comfort and refinement, sloping down 
into Salem in one unbroken line of beautiful surroundings. 

Winston occupies a more elevated site than Salem, perhaps 
seventy feet, and on the heights beyond to the northwest, is plainly 
visible, "The Pilot" a solitary mountain some twenty miles dis- 
tant, its rugged outlines distinctly seen in the clear atmosphere. 
Excursions to the Pilot are of frequent occurrence from both places, 
a recreation from every da}^ turmoil to nature's soothing repose. 










en 



SUNSET ON PILOT MOUNTAIN, 



BY MISS E. A. LEHMAN. 



[" The Pilot " is an isolated mountain peak in Surry County, N. C, of very peculiar for- 
mation. It has a large castellated peak on the east side, and a smaller one just beyond, 
known familiarly as the Large and Small Pinnacles. The Large Pinnacle, which is 300 
feet higher than the mountain proper, resembles a huge castle with long white Gothic 
windows, and those lighted up by the setting sun, present a unique and beautiful scene. 
The Indianis called it "The Pilot" because it served to guide them homeward when 
hunting. The Blue Ridge begins the grand mountain scenery of Western North Carolina, 
and the Pilot stands as an outpost or fortress, guarding the approach to the wildest, most 
romantic scenery east of the Rocky Mountaitis. It stands "a sentinel to guard the 
enchanted ground."] 



The shadows slanting westward, now assume 

A hazy outline e'er the evening gloom 

Engulfs and closely wraps yon rising moon. 

The crimson flashes of the setting sun 

Glow from the windows of the mighty dome. 

As if the giant of the castle lighted up 

His evening fires, and quaffed his evening cup. 

Fantastic shadows flicker to and fro, 

As fancy mist-wreaths, curling, come and go. 

The grand old Pilot stands, majestic and sublime, 

A kingly presence, frowning o'er the hills of time ; 

He reigned supreme, father of myriad rills, 

When Judah's star arose on Orient hills; 

He stood a dread ambassador to heaven from earth. 

When morning stars sang chorals to her birth ; 

His purple shadows frowned o'er rocky dell 

E're Tyre arose or Priam's city fell I 

While Old World splendor faded into night, 

Or New World forests bailed the dawning light; 

He stood alone, a mighty beacon high, 

Telling the weary wanderer "Home is nigh," 

A hoary priest he sits — enthroned in state — 

With sacerdotal stole and iewelled plate ; 

RuDy, carnelian, topaz, amethyst, 

Jasper, chalcedony, and sardonyx. 

Rich tints commingled, until, all aglow, 

A violet splendor covered all below; 

While far-up rocky steeps reflect the light, 

And lambent tongue-flames leap from height to height. 

L'pon his castellated brow the evening star 

Beams clear and bright, with glory from afar. 

The mist robed hills kneel to their great High Priest, 

In dim confessional, from great to least; 

And nature's choral anthem rings meanwhile 

Through every woodland nook and forest aisle, 

The wailing minor of the sad-voiced pines 

"In Kyrie Eleison " sweetly chimes, — 

Until the moon's soft benediction gently falls. 

And night's dark mantle shrouds them in a pal!. 

The moon now beams queen regnant of the sky. 

Assumes the sceptre which the sun lays by ; 

Orion leads the brilliant, starry host 

With stately tread they climb the shining cope. 

While, in the centre of this star-lit dome, 

Thou stand'st oh Mount I grand, beautiful, alone. 

The calm and restful strength thy presence gives 
• Imbues me with a new-born strength to live. 
The everlasting hills! with soothing art. 
E'er still the pulses of my restless heart, — 
And I am raised from earth to heaven 
By strength and calm endurace through thee given ! 



Salem, N, C. 



12 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 



CHAPTER II. 



Who are the Moravians ? 

"The brethren of Moravia, are descendants of a people, who, 
like the Vaudois of Piedmont, never bowed to the Romish yoke, 
but may be traced through the Greek, directly to the Primitive 
Church. The year 1457 saw the commencement of the Protestant 
Episcopal Moravian Church (under the name of the United Breth- 
ren, or Unitas Fratrum) — which existed in Bohemia and Moravia 
more than fifty years before the Reformation. It received its epis- 
copal orders at the request of the Synod convened at the village of 
Lhota, in 1467, from the hands of Stephen, Bishop of the Valdenses, 
a people, who, in the secluded valleys, of the Alps, preserved their 
faith pure from the apostolic age downward. The succession fol- 
lowed on to Bishop Amos Comenius, for many years resident of 
Fulnek, Moravia, (whose well-earned fame induced the English 
Government in 1641 to urge his presence with a view to effect an 
improvement in the educational system of the universities and 
schools) and Jablonsky was enabled to transmit to the renewed 
Church of the Brethren the ancient episcopal ordination in Berlin 
in 1735 — when David Nitcshmann, first Bishop of the renewed 
Church was consecrated." 

"When Martin Luther began his reformation in 1517 the Breth- 
ren of Bohemia and Moravia constituted a church of Reformers 
numbering at least two hundred thousand members, counting over 
four hundred parishes, using a hymn-book and catechism of its 
own, proclaiming its doctrines in a confession of faith, employing 
two printing presses, and scattering Bohemian Bibles broadcast 
through the land." From there, they had extended into Poland, 
establishing colleges and translating the Bible from the original 
into Bohemian. 

Through a succession of trying persecutions at the stake, tor- 
tured at the rack, imprisoned in loathsome dungeons, they had de- 
creased in numbers, and became disheartened, yet never entirely 
losing the precious seed of their faith. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — SALEM- WINSTON. 1 3 

Driven into exile, rather than "wear the chain of papal Rome, 
they broke the strong tie which fastened to home and country and 
sought a spot where they might worship God in scriptural purity. 
It was a hard struggle ; it was no small sacrifice, but they made it, 
and turned their backs forever on the fields and dwellings, which 
had witnessed their pious worship, trusting in the Lord as their 
guide." 

Led by the pious Christian David they reached Saxony in June, 
1722 where they found the tolerance they desired, and a friend in 
Count Zinzendorf, upon whose estate they were offered an asylum, 
and where they began to build the town of Herrnhut, which soon 
became the rallying-point for the oppressed descendants of the 
Ancient Brethren in Bohemia, Moravia and Poland. 

Count Zinzendorf was a German nobleman, educated at the 
University of Halle, a man of learning and deep research, a philos- 
opher, poet and author. Becoming deeply imbued with religious 
fervor while a student, he yearned to extend the Kingdom of God 
throughout the waste places of the earth. Such was the man, 
whom the exiles found in Saxony, and such were the people who 
came to him— a large landed proprietor, for succor. Their history, 
their struggles — their faith made such an impression that he es- 
poused their cause, soon became their leader, formulated a plan to 
revive the Church, introduced their ancient discipline and received 
their venerable episcopate, from the hands of Jablonsky one of its 
last survivors. 

Developing a genius as great as Shakspeare in poetry, or 
Beethoven in music, he threw himself into the work of organization, 
preaching, exhorting, visiting Denmark, Sweden and many portions 
of Germany and France. Everywhere was he successful, except in 
the latter country, as during the days of the profligate Louis XIV 
the people had little use for a religion which brought them self- 
sacrifice. 

In England and Scotland he hunted up the remnants of An- 
cient Brethren, strengthening their numbers, establishing missions 
and otherwise directing the extension of his church including emi- 
gration to America, and from Herrnhutt sending out a colony to 
Pennsylvania where a congregation was organized at Bethlehem in 
1742. 

Through his efforts and other intellectual Brethren in 1749, the 
British Parliament passed an act by which the Unitas Fratrtmi or 
Unitv of Brethren was acknowledged as a Protestant Episcopal 



14 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

Church. By this act. the free exercise of all their rights as a Church 
were secured to the Moravian Brethren throughout Great Britain 
and all its colonies, a privilege they did not enjoy fully in any other 
European kingdom. 

Thomas Penn, proprietor of Pennsylvania, testified that the 
settlers in America had conducted themselves in such a sober, quiet 
and religious manner, making so many wise improvements in their 
colony, and the attention of persons in high standing in England 
being drawn by the knowledge of the purity of their lives in Eng- 
land, made it desirable to offer them further inducements for other 
settlements, in the new country. Invitations and offers came in 
greater numbers than they could accept for want of means and men. 

Upon a conference of the Brethren, Count Zinzendoj'f decided 
to arrange for the purchase of ten thousand acres of land in North 
Carolina, owned by Lord Granville, and offered at a reasonable 
price. ' ' Bishop Spargenberg who was well acquainnted with 
American affairs was sent in 1752 to reconnoitre the country, and 
act according to his judgment." 

"Count Zinzendorf's idea was the following : He desired that 
his Brethren might not only have an opportunity to be of spiritual 
benefit to such persons as in process of time might settle in their 
neighborhood, as well as to gain access to various tribes of Indians, 
such as the Cherokee, the Catawbas, the Creeks, and the Chicka- 
saws, but his main object was to acquire the possession of a larger 
tract of land where the Moravians might live undisturbed, having 
the liberty of excluding all strangers from their settlements. For 
this purpose it was resolved not to make the good qualities of the 
land the principal object, nor to buy detached parcels of the best 
land, but rather to select an undivided tract of about one hundred 
thousand acres. In the centre of this territory of the Brethren, a 
town was to be laid out containing the choir-house for single breth- 
ren, single sisters, widows, and the educational institutions. In 
this central place were also to be located a preparatory school for 
ministers and missionaries, and the directing board, for their out- 
ward and spiritual affairs in this, their own and independent coun- 
try. Besides this one town, the rest of the territory was to be par- 
celled out to farmers belonging to the Church." 

'"There were three principles adopted by members of the 
Brethren's unity as the basis of their union — the Bible as the only 
source of Christian doctrine ; public worship to be administered in 
accordance with the teaching of the Scriptures, and on the model 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 15 

of the Apostolic Churcli ; and the Lord's Supper is to be received 
in faith, to be doctrinally defined in the language of the Bible, and 
every human explanation of that language is to be avoided." 

One of their most learned English divines says : The name 
Moravian is one not assumed by ourselves, but so perseveringly 
applied to us by others, that we have been forced to adopt it as our 
distinctive denomination. But Unitas Fratrum is the name of our 
choice. The command of our Saviour : "Go unto all the world 
and preach the gospel unto every creature," is our maxim. As a 
missionary Church the world is our parish. We must have taber- 
nacles in Christian lands that from such fixed spots we can direct 
and impel movements which aim at the whole world. To continue 
our vast missionary work we want to train suitable men ; we want 
to interest others in our labors that they may, with a portion of 
their wealth, aid us to evangelize the earth." 

Suffering so much from persecution in the past, the renewed 
church was averse to becoming involved in the politics of the coun- 
tries in which they lived, and by the act of Parliament recognizing 
them as a church they were granted the privilege in Great Britain 
and all her colonies to be exempt from taking an oath, and instead 
of the usual form, permitted to make their solemn affirmation — 
which was to be received and considered as binding, in all the 
courts of justice as an oath from others Furthermore it was en- 
acted "that they should be exempt from military duty, but be ob- 
liged to pay a certain tax in lieu of such services in proportion as 
that of others residing in the same colony, but this privilege was 
only extended to those bearing a certificate of church membership. 

While contemplating the character of the early Moravians of 
North Carolina we are lost in admiration — here were a people seek- 
ing homes in a trackless wilderness, guiding their lives by Christ 
as a model, relying upon His strong arm in every hour of trial, 
seeking to be the first, true and faithful in order to impress others 
with the loveliness of the Christian beautitudes, proposing to edu- 
cate the heathen and erect an altar for religion which should become 
a centre of missionary effort. 

Stern and uncompromising as they may have appeared to out- 
siders, strict in the minor details of secular life, which were regu- 
lated by the tribunal of the Church, yet in every rite and ceremony 
there is an object lesson of the idealizing of patient cross-bearing, 
and a sublimity of heroism manifest, that gives each peculiar cus- 
tom a significance that speaks with an unknown tongue to the 



l6 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

innermost chords of deep feeling, and awakens strains typical of the 
glory-land above. We recognize the possibility of an earthly ex- 
istence above the follies and vanities of the world, an attractive 
symmetry in all their methods, and a wisdom never excelled by the 
settlers in any other portion of the country. 



CHAPTER III. 



Settlement at Bethabara (Old Town). 

The first Anglo-Saxons who ever set foot on American soil 
was a colony brought from England by Sir Walter Raleigh, which 
settled on Roanoke Island, North Carolina, in 1583. They looked 
for gold, and almost starved to death before being rescued by an- 
other English nobleman, who had made explorations on the Pacific 
coast and, returning, took them home in his ships. 

Several years later, Raleigh made another attempt to effect a 
colony in Carolina, as Queen Elizabeth had given him large posses- 
sions, which he had named Virginia'!^ in her honor, — but without 
success, his people only taking back tobacco and potatoes, and 
learning the English how to use them, as the result of all his vast 
expenditure of money and time. 

After the English settlement at Jamestown, Va. , had been 
effected, parties from there explored Carolina, and some few made 
settlements. In 1663, King Charles II. granted to eight of his 
favorite courtiers patents to " all that country between the Atlantic 
and Pacific Oceans, between 31 and 36 parallels of latitude, to be 
called Carolina in his honor. These noblemen for a long while 
appointed governors, and settlers began slowly to occupy the coun- 
try, principally Germans and Swiss ; but not more than ten thou- 
sand inhabitants were in the State in 1729. Becoming disgusted 
with the small revenues arising from their landed estates, and the 
trouble with their governors, who were sometimes just, sometimes 
oppressive, these proprietors decided to sell their claims to the 
crown, " receiving in return 2500 pounds sterling each." All ac- 
cepted this proposition except Lord Granville, who determined to 
retain his eighth part, which was laid off for him, adjoining Virginia, 
in 1743. 



* All the land from Nova Scotia to Florida was called Virginia. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. I 7 

This was the section which he was contracting to sell to the 
Moravians for their North Carolina settlement, and for which Bishop 
Spangenberg- was appointed to make all necessary arrangements. 
Selecting five brethren at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, they travelled 
on horseback for nearly a month until they reached Edenton, where 
they were joined by Lord Granville's surveyor-general. Striking 
out into the wilderness of Western North Carolina, they wandered 
for eight weeks among mountains and pathless forests, but did not 
find such tracts of land as they desired. " Following their compass 
eastward they reached the Valley of the Yadkin," and, accepting 
the hospitality of some white settlers, found what they had sought 
farther west, " a larger tract of rolling woodland, well-watered and 
suitable for their purpose." The surveyors commenced work, and 
Bishop Spangenberg and his companions returned to Pennsylvania, 
to report the result of their labor. They named the tract "Wa- 
chovia," because of the meadow (Aue) along the (Wach) principal 
creek, bearing some resemblance in its topographical outlines to a 
valley in Austria, formerly in possession of the Zinzendorf family. 
The brethren were not able to pay for these lands, so a land com- 
pany was formed in England, and the purchase money was paid by 
subscription amongst the members and friends of the brethren, and 
the title deeds were given to "James Hutton, of London, Secretary 
of the Unitas Fratrum, to be held for the Church." 

When Bishop Spangenberg reported what had been done, on his 
return to Bethlehem, preparations were at once set on foot to begin 
the new settlement, and twelve single brethren arranged to go per- 
manently, accompanied by three others who were merely on a 
prospecting tour, expecting to return in a few months. Procuring 
a large wagon, drawn by six horses, they started on the long jour- 
ney, through mountain passes, across rivers that had never been 
forded, with a stock of such articles as were needed on the trip and 
for use in the work which lay before them, in the wilds of North 
Carolina. Amongst them was a minister, Bernhard Adam Grube, 
who had been ordained in Germany, of which country he was a 
native. Another important character was Jacob Losch, born in 
New York, superintendent of the colony in temporal afiairs. And 
another was Hans Martin Kalberlahn, a Norwegian, who had lived 
for years at Herrnhut, arriving in Bethlehem about one month 
before the emigrants left, cheerfully accepted the appointment as 
surgeon and medical adviser. 



1 8 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

The nine other brethren were farmers and mechanics, mostly 
from Europe, representing the different trades, one being a tailor. 
The wisdom of these selections was afterwards manifest, all deter- 
mined to help one another in the bonds of unity, but with the 
safe security of having each branch of industry needed to develop 
their plans thoroughly understooci by at least one man in the colony. 

After a varied experience of nearly six weeks, sometimes being 
compelled to unload their wagon and carry its contents over the 
mountains, sometimes going out of their route to thrash oats for 
their horses, they finally reached their destination, November 17th, 
1753, where Bethabara, generally called Old Town, now stands. 

Here they found shelter in an unoccupied cabin built by a German 
squatter, and abandoned some time before, thankful for even this 
scanty shelter, it being so small there was not room for them all to 
sleep. A hammock was suspended over the heads of the others 
for one of their number, and after a season of prayer and a lovefeast, 
they retired to rest, sensible of the fact that they were in a wilder- 
ness, as they listened to the howling of the wolves around their 
humble place of rest. The daily word of the Church, appointed 
for each day of the year, seemed very appropriate : ' ' I know where 
Thou dwellest, even in a desert place"; and another, "Be ye of 
one mind." They accepted this as significant that God was follow- 
ing His children, and would guide them aright if they would cling 
together in the unity of love. 

The next day was Sunday, so they found it quite a day of rest, 
and on Monday sharpened axes and hoes, and prepared to subdue 
the forests and fields of the future, beginning the construction of a 
bake-oven. and looking out for a mill to buy corn. They also 
selected eight acres that day to be cleared for the purpose of plant- 
ing wheat, and were soon busy plowing, and in two weeks had seed 
sown for the crop. Preparations went on for the winter. One man 
was sent to bring salt from Virginia, another went to Dan River to 
buy oxen, and others were dispatched to the Yadkin to buy flour 
and corn. The fame of their wisdom and sagacity began to spread, 
and soon the Moravian doctor began to be known through trav- 
ellers, who ga\-e such praise to his skill and knowledge that many 
came to secure his medical attention, even at a distance of 60 miles. 
These services were paid for in provisions and' stock, and was of 
material helj) to the settlers. Their tailor, too, became known, and 
very soon had work to do, deer-skins being sometimes brought in 
to make clothing. Unfortunately, they had no place for visitors. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. I9 

. SO another cabin was built, with a shed, for sleeping apartments ; 
and thus the first winter was passed. 

The next spring, John Jacob Fries succeeded Brother Grube, 
who was called North, as spiritual overlooker of the colony. He 
was born in Denmark, and was an accomplished scholar, especially 
in the Hebrew language, yet was not averse to a home in the wil- 
derness if he could serve God and his fellow-man. 

Bishop Boehler arrived soon after, and during his stay, the name 
Bethabara (house of passage) was given to the colony ; still keeping 
in view, at a future day, the founding of a settlement in a more 
central location. 

During the next fall their numbers were increased by seven 
men, led by a brother who came to superintend the construction of 
a mill. Their coming revealed the necessity for a larger house, 
and the corner-stone was laid, with great solemnity, in November, 
for the first building erected by Moravians in North Carolina. This 
was made large enough for a habitation of single brethren, and was 
dedicated by religious services being held by Bishop Nitschmann, 
who had come to visit the embryo town. 

Twenty-three unmarried brethren and seven married couples 
soon arrived : a dwelling was built, a grist mill commenced and a 
meeting-house erected. Three months after, the married people 
moved into their new dwelling, the first child was born, and. in 
holy baptism, named Anna Johanna Krause. Others arrived from 
Pennsylvania and Europe, and at the close of 1756, the inhabitants 
"numbered sixty-five persons. 

The first difficulties of life in the forest having been over- 
come, everything had now a fair outlook. During the year 1755 
the breaking out of war with the Indians, — called the "Old French 
war," — gave them cause for disturbance. It had commenced in 
the colonies of the North, but gradually spread South. Ten breth- 
ren and sisters were murdered on the Mahoney, and it was deemed 
e.xpedient to fortify the settlement by surrounding it and the mill 
with palisades, and became known throughout all the surrounding 
country as the "Dutch Fort." This fortification, rude in con- 
struction, was a place of refuge to many fugitives, even from distant 
portions of Virginia, where they found a safe retreat, plenty to eat, 
and an opportunity to attend religious worship. 

Occasionally, companies of Indian warriors, Cherokees, Creeks 
and Catawbas, passed through the country and camped near by. 
They were given something to eat and treated kindly, and never 



20 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

committed any depredations. Sometimes they were accompanied 
by a British officer, or had a passport from the Enghsh Govern- 
ment. They were always received and fed, the government of 
North CaroHna afterwards paying the Moravians for this, as, by 
their kindness, they saved the people from much disaster. 

Bethabara was known, far and near, by the Indians, as "the 
Dutch fort, where there are good people and much bread." It is 
estimated that during 1757-58 more than five hundred Indians 
passed through the settlement at various times. Because of the 
war, a famine prevailed in all the surrounding country extending 
into the districts of Virginia, and people came to Bethabara, more 
than a hundred miles, to buy flour and corn. The brethren had 
plenty to sell, as they had cleared and planted additional land, and 
had raised abundant crops. Some of the refugees decided to remain, 
captivated by the religious life of the people, and another settle- 
ment was decided upon, that of Bethania, which was laid oft' during 
the Summer of 1759. 

The Indian war recommenced in October of the same year, 
and great was the anxiety concerning the safety of the two colonies. 
Brother Tosch was made captain of the Dutch fort, and had day 
and night watches at both places, directed by Bishop Spangenberg, 
who had arrived on an official visitation, and also couriers passed 
between both places, the high hill where the graveyard was situated 
at Bethabara serving as a fine lookout for all the surrounding coun- 
try. Bishop Spangenberg also directed that the church bell should 
be rung each morning at dawn of day. Sometimes Indian tracks 
would be found outside the fort, and sometimes they played at ball 
along the meadow, but they never ventured nearer, and tradition 
tells us the ringing" ot the bell was the cause of their keeping a safe 
distance, unless upon friendly purposes intent. Their design of 
taking prisoners between the two places was also frustrated. They 
said : " The Dutchers had big, fat horses, and rode like the devil," 
scaring them from their acts of depredation. Outside the fort the 
people did not fare so well, fifteen being killed in the vicinity, one 
man coming into Bethabara with two arrows sticking in his body. 

During the year 1761, by a simultaneous movement of the 
South Carolina militia, near Fort George, and troops from Virginia 
and North Carolina on the north, the Creeks were forced to sue for 
peace. The Brethren, being exempt from military duty, had re- 
mained at home, and supplied the troops with large quantities of 
flour from the Bethabara mill. 



TVVIN-CiriES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON SALEM. 21 

Next year, quiet being restored, another installment of settlers 
arrived from Pennsylvania, by way of Wilmington, bringing with 
them a small organ, the first in the colony, and a bell for the church 
at Bethania, only three miles away. 

Thirty-five years after the first settlement, in 17S8, the substan- 
tial church, still used as a house of worship, was built, which is a 
wonder to tourists who care enough about relics of the past to hunt 
it up, known as the church at Old Town, six miles distant from the 
Twin-Cities. 



A Visit to Old Town, 



The road from Winston winds over an undulating country, 
past well cultivated fields, orchards bending beneath their loads of 
fruit, while in the distance the crags of the mountains are visible. 
The village of Bethabara, or " Old Town," lies in a peaceful valley, 
and only can be seen when the traveller reaches the eminence 
immediately surrounding. What a strange sensation of interest 
filled the soul as we slowly drove down the one street of the place, 
where there is little left now of the dwellings of a century and a half 
ago ! Several old structures with stone basements, high porches 
and large rooms are still standing as a remnant of the old days and 
a dumb protest against the decay in which they have been allowed 
to fall ; while nature, more merciful than man, seeks by mossy 
verdure and trailing vines to throw a veil of unspoken sympathy 
over the fragments where devoted lives wrestled with fierce diffi- 
culties, and where persistent labor conquered through years of trial 
and disappointment. From out the windows peeped little flaxen 
heads, strangely out of place in their tumble-down surroundings, 
attracted by the rumble of the vehicles, to look with wonder upon 
people from the outside world of which they know nothing. At 
either end of the long street is a handsome private dwelling, in 
modern style,— these and a railroad embankment about fifty feet in 
front, spoiling the prospect and disturbing to some degree the 
dream of the past. 

In the centre of the village stands the wonderful old church, 
built of grey stone, with broad hall about twelve or fourteen feet 
wide, running through the centre, from which leads a staircase to 
the rooms abover One side of the hall is the place of worship ; on 
the other are four living rooms for the minister and family. The 
church-yard is covered with a grassy carpet, and umbrageous shade 



22 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

trees invite repose, while the liill gradually slopes down in rear ot 
the church to the meadow, certainly one of the most charming pic- 
tures of pastoral beauty, through which murmurs a clear stream, 
crossed by a rustic bridge. Beyond rises the hill where the grave- 
yard is situated. We could well understand that minds apprecia- 
tive of the beautiful in nature should have been fascinated by the 
surroundings, and impelled to make here the foundation for a new 
colony. At the corner of the church stands a stone monument, or 
rather slab, upon which is inscribed : 

Wachovia Settlcmeiit begun 
ij November, 
1753- 
This marks the spot where the little cabin stood, which the 
advance guard of the Moravians found and occupied until they could 
provide better quarters. High up on the end of the church is in- 
serted a stone tablet, — 

Chtirch built, 
ij88. 

With reverence we passed into the church built by pious hands, 
the stone quarried from the rocky beds near by, floors made of 
wide planks slick with the tread of many feet, hewn from forest 
trees. The walls are plastered and kept clean by whitewash, the 
wmdows, four in number, have deep embrasures, and are hung 
with wooden shades arranged with slats that open and close by 
pulling a cord. A stove serves to heat the building in winter. The 
benches have straight backs. The pulpit has a candle stand each 
side and a table in front with claw legs, while a high backed chair, 
carved by hand, with leather seat fastened down by brass tacks, all 
made of native walnut, completes the furniture of this quaint house 
of worship. A melodeon in the centre and kerosene lamps along- 
the sides of the building, where the old candlesticks are still to be 
seen, are the only things of modern make within the walls. The 
choir gallery is to the right of the church, the railing carved with 
old-fashioned precision. An old trombone, one of the tour used 
formerly in all Moravian churches, and some ancient music, together 
with a lot of old German books, are to be found in a small closet 
on one side of the gallery, which is lighted by two small windows, 
so arranged as to present the appearance of being diamond-shaped, 
when in reality there are only three panes of glass in each, let into 
a diagonal-shaped space becoming more angular as the inner edge 
of wall is reached. A few steps lead^to the living rooms above and 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WTNSTON-SALEM. 23 

the tower from which hangs the same bell tliat frightened the In- 
dians so badly when sounding the notes of alarm in the first meet- 
ing-house of Bethabara. In one of the rooms is a tall stove, made 
of embossed,, earthen tiles, put together quite artistically, made here 
like those used at that time in the old country, and similar to one 
in the Virginia State Capitol, sent from England as a present to 
General Washington. From the church two large doors and win- 
dows, with sliding panels, open into the broad hall, where benches 
are arranged to accommodate the people if a crowd was present. A 
large, square, glass lantern hangs against the wall, and a tall, old- 
style clock served to warn the worshippers how time passed. 

The living rooms of the minister have large windows, with 
deep window seats (the walls of the building are two feet thick), and 
fire-places across the corner of the rooms. The corner cupboards, 
wardrobe, presses and desk, with secret compartments, found in 
these rooms are all made of walnut and cherry, dove-tailed together 
with a nicety unknown to the fast age in which we live. Benches 
and split-bottomed chairs are also to be seen. On one of the cup- 
board shelves is a German Bible presented to Bethabara church by 
Bishop Spangenberg, and a tall communion cup, made of cut glass, 
with carved w'ooden cover. Here is also the old baptismal service, 
a small china pitcher of peculiar make, indented at the mouth, and 
a china bowl, same pattern. The method is to hold the head over 
the bowl and pour the w^ater over it three times, in the name of 
Father, Son and Holy Ghost. The china mugs and waiters for 
the Lovefeasts are stored in one of the presses of an adjoining room. 
The kitchen, with dressers, sinks, tables and benches, made of oak, 
has a bake-oven attached, with huge open fire-place, where a cord 
of wood could be burned at one time. A swinging crane, hanging 
within, brings back a suggestion of how the culinary department 
was managed under the old legime. The floor of this kitchen is 
laid with blocks of stone, and the whole a marvel of con\'enience 
for those times. These rooms are not used now — only the furni- 
ture preserved with care, — the minister preferring to live elsewhere. 
No portico or vestibule adorns the outside of church, only an 
entrance over large, irregular blocks of stepping-stones. 

Several long benches under the locusts indicated the practice 
of the steady old members who sat there before the service began, 
discussed neighborhood news, told of letters from distant friends 
which came perhaps only semi-annually, and made plans for useful 
guidance amongst the people, regulating their lives by the line and 



24 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA^WINSTON-SALEM. 

plummet of the Bible. Coming in methodically at the ringing of 
the bell, the niales all on one side of the church, females on the 
other, and children together on the low front benches, next the pul- 
pit, under the eye of the minister, — they were seated with the utmost 
quiet prevailing, all joining in the hymns, led by the minister, no 
hapless urchin ever daring to raise his tiny hand to misbehave. 
Obedience was the watch-word of every life, instilled by precept 
and example at an early age. 

Beyond the meadow a winding road leads up a steep hill, 
covered with ferns and mosses in the undergrowth, while above 
tower the giants of the forest, where the breeze sings a soothing 
threnody, wrapping the senses in a dreamy mist of sentiment and 
romance. At the top of this hill, which is about one hundred and 
fifty feet in height, an enclosure leads into the oldest Moravian 
graveyard in North Carolina, kept in a state of perfect preservation 
by the Church .' each grave in shape with small stone lying flat 
upon the head of the grave, with name, age, death and some 
Biblical inscription. These are made of the sand-stone, and have 
become discolored with age, but the dates are perfectly legible. 
The oldest was buried in 1754. Bluegrass, clover and periwinkle 
spread a co\'ering of green above the heads of the faithful, who rest 
in silence far from their native land. 

In the centre of the middle walk stands a granite monument, 
about fifteen or twenty feet in height; erected near the remains of a 
famous missionary from Germany, who came to the settlement and 
died here, after an arduous life among the Esquimos and inhabitants 
of different portions of the globe. This was placed here in 1888, 
the services celebrating the centennial of the building of the church. 

In Commemoration 

of 

Moravian Missions Among 

the Heathen. 

" Tliey that sow in tears, sliall reap in joy." 

MATH.^US STACK. 

Here lies buried the body of the first Moravian 

Missionary to Greenla7id. 

We quietly stole away down the zig-zag path, entered our 

carriage and came back to busy life with the words of the poet 

ringing in our ears : — 

" Here peace divine o'er glimmering grove and grass, 
Hallows the sunshine in the noon's warm kill ; 
Ethereal shadows gently pause, or pass, 
Flecking with gold the hill-slope beautiful." 



26 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA— WINSTON-SALEM. 



CHAPTER IV. 



The Guardian Angel. 

Among the early settlers of North Western North Carolina, 
about the year 1755, was a little colony of Moravians from Ger- 
many and Pennsylvania. Accustomed to the colder winters of the 
North, these good people were delighted with the mild climate of 
the Sunny South, which as late as December was often as balmy as 
the early Autumn. 

These hardy people had settled, built a village, Bethabara, 
surrounded it with a stout stockade to prevent a surprise from the 
Indians, and for general security in the wilderness. Every im- 
provement bore the marks of their German taste. Inside the for- 
tifications were grouped the queerest cottages, with steep roofs, 
sometimes extending far over and making a kind of porch, all built 
of the stoutest material. The doors were cut in half, and swung on 
separate hinges, so that one could be closed, leaving the upper half 
open for ventilation, while the closed lower half was a kind of pro- 
tection from sudden intrusion. Separate houses were built for 
business purposes, for in the usual German management, the nec- 
essary trades were represented and conducted under the supervision 
of a warden ; while the spiritual supervision was conducted by the 
pastor and board of elders. Outside the fort were the farms, the 
proprietors all living in the village. Thus, in a quiet orderly man- 
ner, these people were in fact a little community, governed by a 
board of trustees — all living .happily together, increasing their re- 
sources as their wants demanded. 

On one of those bright autumnal days which often linger as 
late as December, even reaching the Christmas holidays, a group 
of bright children were playing outside the ' ' palisades. ' ' The busy 
wives were engaged in spinning or weaving and some gossiping 
with neighbors, leaning over their half opened doors in the enclosed 
village. One of the children called out, "Let's get permission to 
go to the hill-i-ide" — and with a rush they entered the village, and 
obtaining their wish were soon racing across the meadow to the 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 27 

fern-clad hill beyond. In the fields the men were at work, their guns 
near by, as in the forest beyond lay the " war-path " of the Chero- 
kee Indians where they passed to attack the Indians of Virginia. 
The day was indeed beautiful; the birds were singing in the hedge- 
rows,- and coveys of partridges rose in their short flight amongst 
the stubble. The older boys of the village were up the hill after 
evergreens, for it was near Christmas time, and every cottage must 
have its tree, and the church must be decorated for the season. 
The girls, meanwhile, were busy gathering the luxuriant ferns and 
moss, singing cheerful songs. Towards evening, the boys came 
down loaded with cedar boughs; others came with laurel, gathered 
from more distant hills, drawn on rude sleds — all singing merrily 
and joining the girls, they moved homeward — all but one — a little 
girl the pride of the village and pet of the household. Always gay 
and full of life she had wandered farther round the hill, attracted by 
stray creepers of trailing evergreen pine, and the lovely ferns which 
seemed to grow larger as she crept along the slope — not thinking 
of her companions — Bunch after bunch was discarded, for appar- 
ently better specimens, until the deepening shadows caused her to 
turn to find her companions gone out of hearing — all was silent in 
the deep damp bordering the wood. She was way beyond the 
path. Gathering up her treasures, she turned as she thought home- 
ward, but no familiar land-mark was found, and she was about to 
call, when she felt a slight touch on her shoulder that startled, yet 
stopped her intended cry — a swaying cedar twig seemed to be the 
cause of the touch. Restless and uneasy, yet she really felt no fear, 
only anxious to get home. She moved on, and again a sharper 
touch nearly turned her round, and again a cedar bough seemed 
the cause, and she pushed on at a more rapid speed, the darkness 
becoming deeper and the heavy undergrowth almost impassible, 
yet she hoped soon to reach the meadow and see the lights of the 
town. She knew she was lost, yet felt strangely calm and fearless. 
Every once and a while she seemed to be touched, and once so 
strong, she sat down on a log and burying her face in her hands — 
prayed silently. The moon now arose, and the forest shades were 
brighter. All at once a strangely human cry aroused her, and 
rising up she was about to answer when a sudden touch almost sent 
her prone to the ground. She quickly arose and a lowering cedar 
limb swayed to and fro. She thought again she had been struck by it. 
She was now almost ready to drop with fatigue, yet that strange 
confidence kept her silent. Sitting down, she thought she heard 



28 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SAI.EM. 

the patter of little feet and sprang up only to be rudely, as she 
thought, foiced into a circular cedar brake, like an arbor in a well- 
kept park. Here the cry again came, yet a touch again kept her 
quiet, and gradually completely overcome by fatigue she went to 
sleep. Again the shrill cry aroused her, and when about to answer 
a bright light surrounded and a gentle touch silenced her. This 
time she was startled; yet the moon-light caused her to think she 
might have been mistaken in both the halo and the touch. She 
again fell asleep. 

In the village all was confusion and distress when the loss of 
the child was discovered. Wild with grief, the children told their 
story. They thought she had returned with the boys who brought 
the laurel, among whom was her brother — but not being found the 
men of the settlement started out, headed by her father and scatter- 
ed through the forest with lighted torches. 

The father and three others went to the mill, thinking perhaps 
she had gone there, as she had friends residing near by. Fail- 
ing to find her, the almost demented father turned to the hill 
amongst the cedar brakes. They had scarcely turned before the 
fearful cry rung out on the night air. They knew, but two well 
what it meant, and with a heart-rending exclamation the fiither 
staggered and fell across a fallen tree. On recovering he urged 
to go on, for he too felt a strange comfort, but the others expected 
to find the child dead. Upon entering an open space of the forest 
a treacherous panther was seen stealing along the edge of the wood; 
and finally leaped out in the bright moon-light. Intantly three 
rifles rang out, and the animal dropped in his track dead. 

All pushed on as soon as assured the panther was dead. Led 
by a guiding hand they came to a clump of cedars. The father 
noticed the singular shape, intuitively parted the boughs and there 
on the ground found his darling asleep. With a wild cry of joy, 
he hugged the startled child to his bosom, and with a thankful 
prayer in his heart, bore her out to his companions, who all sank 
on their knees and thanked God for his merciful care of the little 
one. The faith of the brethren was strong — the first they did was 
to remember their Lord and Master who had wrought this miracle. 

The little one related her story as the happy parent bore her 
home. It was a considerable distance, and ere they were clear of 
the forest nearly day-break. The father told her it was her Guar- 
dian Angel who had touched and kept her quiet, and gave her the 
necessary strength to go on, until the cedar grove was found, and 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 29 

then she was allowed to sleep in peace. The good brethren broke 
forth in songs and thanksgiving as they approached the hill-side. 
The villagers heard the song and knew by the hymn tune that the 
child was found. The mother was out in the meadow first, followed 
by the good pastor and the people, and there, in the open mead- 
ow, in the early morning, the mother clasping her child to her 
breast, the whole congregation kneeled while the good pastor re- 
turned thanks to God for all His goodness. All sang the hymn of 
praise as they returned home. 

The day after was Christmas, and the people gathered in the 
little church and enjoyed a happy and heart-felt love feast, strength- 
ened in their faith as the pastor read the narrative of the lost child, 
as nearly in the simple child-like words given him by the little one. 
A visible emotion agitated every face, and when the little tapers 
were given to the children, as is the Moravian custom, all was 
brightness. The Christmas anthem was sung with unusual fervor, 
and it really seemed as if the Christ-child had indeed hovered over 
the village. B. T. E. 



CHAPTER V. 



The Founder of Salem. 
F'rederick William Marshall, who had been appointed Super- 
intendent of the Wachovia settlement in 1763, was an -intellectual, 
scholarly man, of great administrative ability. His father, an offi- 
cer in the Saxon army, had given him a fine military education. 
While a student at the University of Leipzig, he met Count Zinzen- 
dorf, determined to study the English language and enter the Unity 
of the Brethren, hoping for a wide field of Christian usefulness. 
This man is known as the founder of Salem, and to his genius and 
taste the inhabitants are indebted for the location and improvement 
o{ the surroundings. He personally superintended the laying out 
and planting of cedars in the Avenue and graveyard, which are a 
wonder to all strangers ; so classic in their perfection that one mar- 
vels at the work of one hundred and twenty-four years — a monu- 
ment that touches the tenderest chords of feeling. Beneath those 
fringed cedars his remains crumble into dust, but as long as they 



3© TWIX-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

wave above his lowly grave, remain a perpetual reminder of him who 
spent a large private fortune to assist in building the church and 
making Salem attractive to the eye as well as noted for thrift and 
industry, — all dedicated to the service of Him he daily worshipped. 

Early in 1765 he decided to locate the central town and selected 
the site, giving it the name Salem (peace), which had been chosen 
by Count Zinzendorf before his death. The ridge was surveyed,, 
the square laid out, and a permanent settlement decided upon, de- 
viating from the original plan which placed the church m the centre 
of the town, with streets radiating in every direction, — arranging it 
in parallel lines, to intersect at right angles. 

In February, 1766, four new arrivals from Europe and four 
residents of Bethabara moved to the new place, felling the logs to 
build a hut in the woods. In June the first family house was built, 
and a loom set up. They increased in numbers, their oppressed 
brethren in Europe joining them very rapidly, and soon became 
very prosperous from their wise management. Everything was 
governed by agents of the Church, the hotel, bakery, provision- 
store, tannery, saddlery, shoe-shop, and every class of labor— held 
in community ; the Church paying them only a pro rata for their 
services. The lands were leased for farming purposes. Henry 
George himself would have envied the harmony of the working ot 
this community of interest. No outsider was permitted to live 
within the Moravian settlements, and no reckless character, like 
those who often invaded the precincts of other places, ever dis- 
graced the town by lawlessness. Their meeting-house bell awoke 
the inhabitants to their daily toil and duty, and sent them to bed at 
night with ^lethodical regularity. 

This combination of labor and harmony enabled them to ac- 
complish wonderful results. Individual emolument was not thought 
of, — only the grand good of the whole community considered. 
Saw and grist mills were built, a system of water-works arranged. 
A bell was brought for the church, serving also as a town clock, 
and an organ with two stops took the place of the trombones 
brought from Europe in 1765. The first of the substantial brick 
buildings, now seen in Salem, was the Brothers' House, which is 
now known as the Widows' House. This was erected as a home 
for unmarried brethren of the Church. The lower rooms were used 
as a meeting-house on one side of the hall, other church offices 
below, while above was the dormitory, and the basement as kitchen, 
&c. This was used as a temporary place of worship until 1771, 



TWIN CITIES ()[•' NORTH CAROLINA — VVTNSTON-SALEM. 3I 

when a congregation-house was built which was afterwards removed 
to make room for the main building of the Academy, the brethren's 
house being afterwards discontinued. The Revolutionary struggle 
was a time of great trouble to the Moravians. Having been allowed 
to hold their views about not bearing arms and taking oaths, they 
were sometimes subjected to many disagreeable indignities. They 
were permitted to pay the double tax as to the English government, 
but this was hard as corn and other provisions were very high and 
Continental money worthless. There was also some anxiety about 
the title to the lands, which had been transferred from James Hutton 
in London to Frederick Marshall, who was absent in Europe. When 
the "Confiscation Act of 1777" was passed by North Carolina, a 
clause of the title, ' ' given in trust for the Unitas Fratrum ' ' , made 
it apparent that the act could not be extended to Moravian lands. 
They were only required to affirm their allegiance to the United 
States and pay the tax. 

Frederick Marshall returned and wisely directed them through 
the trying days of the war. Sometimes the Continental, sometimes 
the British, travelled through the settlements entailing many losses 
upon the people. At last peace was declared after Cornwallis' sur- 
render, whose whole army passed through Salem en route to 
Virginia. 

The first fire-engine ever brought to America was received at 
Salem from Germany in 1785. During this year was built the Sis- 
ter's House, still standing, a commodious brick edifice of two stories, 
some twenty-five rooms, one of the most quaint and substantial 
buildings, covered with tiles. The house is supplied with water 
and other conveniences, and kept in repair by the interest from a 
sum acquired when the spinsters of the Church all worked together 
and placed their earnings in a common fund. This has been dis- 
continued some forty years, but the unmarried sisters still rent 
rooms there, who prefer not to live with relatives. The house of 
the brethren was taken for a Widows' House, managed exactly as 
the other, on opposite sides of the Public Square. If unable to pay 
nominal rent it is given them by the Church, but there are few who 
have not by frugality or inheritance a competency to provide for 
old age. It is very respectable to have a home in either house. 

The facts about the Moravian Sisters are not generally under- 
stood — as even so great a poet as Longfellow in his poem, " Hymn 
of the Moravian Nuns at the Presentation of Pulaski's banner" 
got matters mixed. Miss Lehman, editor of the Academy, says : 



32 rVVlN-ClTIES OF XORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

"Pulaski, the gallant Pole, who came over to assist in the Revolu- 
tionary War, was at Bethlehem, Pa., on wounded furlough. Before 
he left the place the Moravian sisters (not nuns) presented him with 
a crimson banner, which he courteously accepted, saying it should 
be defended with his life, and be his shroud in death. The minor 
details of the poem are incorrect ; there are no Moravian nuns, and 
the accessories of burning incense in swinging censers before the 
altar, the cowled heads, the nuns' sweet hymn, sang, low in the dim, 
mysterious aisle, — all existed only in the poet's imagination." 



CHAPTER VL 



Buildings and God's Acre. 

The new Academy building was erected on the site of the old 
Congregation House joining the old Academy building on one side 
and' connected with the church by a covered passage-way on the 
other during the year 1854. The main building alone presents a 
front of one hundred feet — opening directly on the street from the 
broad portico built in the Doric style of architecture — four stories 
in height — a massive pile constructed of pressed brick. There are 
north and south wings, broad halls, well ventilated rooms, "by 
means of trunk ventilators, four of which run up from the low^er 
floor, e.xtending above the roof. From these trunks, the different 
rooms are connected by branches." The buildings are supplied 
with gas and water throughout, and heated by large wood stoves, 
providing an even temperature during severe weather. 

This seat of learning, the pride of Salem, has a peruliarly in- 
teresting history, having maintained itself since 1802, without a 
single endowment from any source.* The sole property of the 
Moravian church, it is managed by a Board of Trustees who have 
sought not to have it a money-making concern, but rather a source 
of usefulness in preparing young women to fill their positions in 
life, with credit to themselves and families. Recognizing, first in 



* Mr. F. H. Fries bestowed a gift of one tlTousand dollars to the Art 
Department in memory of his infant daughter who died several years ago 
known as the "Louise Memorial." Mr. H. E. Fries made a valuable dona- 
tion to the Library, and a gentleman from Tennessee made also a similar 
gift, but no special Chair has ever been endowed. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 33 

the South, that to bring a nation to the highest point of civiUzation, 
there must be an educaLed, refined womanhood, the early Mora- 
vians bent all their energies in that direction, and their efforts have 
been al'undantly successful. Beginning the boarding school, with 
eight pupils, they advertised their project of having a school where 
the home-life would be followed as closely as possible, together 
with strict discipline, thorough teaching and practical instruction. 

They cherished for years the scheme of an educational mission- 
ary effort for the benefit of women, but nearly half a century passed 
away before any active steps were taken, and the corner-stone of 
the Academy was laid with religious ceremonies. 

The people of the South responded to the call for students, 
and sent their daughters for instruction from distant portions of the 
country — in carriages, by stages, even in ox-wagons, before there 
was a railroad anywhere in the United States. 

At least ten thousand Ahimni claim this as their Alma Mater — 
comprising some of the most distinguished ladies of the South, who 
have gone forth to shed an Influence upon society, second to none 
in the nation. Amongst them two who have been called upon to 
do the honors of the White House — Mrs. President Polk and Mrs. 
Patterson, daughter of President Jackson. Mrs. Gen. Stonewall 
Jackson and Mrs. Gen. D. H. Hill were also educated here. Mrs. 
Polk, now living in seclusion in her Tennessee home, sends an occa- 
sional letter to the Academy paper, breathing her love and venera- 
tion for the school of her youth with messages of encouragement to 
the teachers who have succeeded those of her day and generation. 

Even during the late civil war the school flourished ; as parents 
sent their daughters here for a safe retreat, knowing that evil would 
befall them less likely than elsewhere. When Stoneman's raiding 
party entered Salem, the Mayor immediately surrendered, and 
together with the President of Academy asked that a Federail 
guard be stationed around the building for protection. This was 
granted, and teachers and scholars pursued the even tenor of their 
way unmolested. The broad front doovs of the Academy are seldom 
opened except on grand occasions, as visitors are received at the 
President's house, but in the rear is one of the most beautiful parks to 
be found anywhere. Wide spreading weeping willows bending over 
large fountains, I 'road sweeping walks, terraced hills, cozy little 
dells, attractive pagodas shaded by Norway spruces, and other trees 
more than a hundred years old, form one artistic blending of taste 
and beauty. 



34 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — -WINSTON-SALEM. 

The church, joining the Academy, is large and elegant* in its 
proportions. With its frescoed walls and ceiling, its pipe-organ of 
thrilling tone built in 1799 while the church was being constructed, 
its carvings of wood, wide galleries, and the deep silence, that 
broods over the congragation at all times, drawing the thoughts to 
the divine and bowing each head in reverance while the music 
steals upon the senses as a glimpse of some bright upper sphere, 
where the " Gloria in Excelsis'" is forever the song upon every lip. 

Two blocks beyond the church lies the Avenue, over a quarter 
of a mile in extent, and about one hundred feet in width. Along 
its outer edge were planted about twenty feet apart tall cedars more 
than one hundred years ago, and through its centre runs a broad 
gravelled walk about eight feet wide. The rest of the space is 
turfed, and as the walk follows the natural undulations of the land, 
is a most delightful place to spend a leisure hour, while happy chil- 
dren gambol amongst the grassy glades, and their elders drink in 
the fresh air enjoying the repose provided so thoughtfully by their 
forefathers. No vehicle is ever allowed within the gates of this 
avenue. 

The Moravian grave-yard lies all along the right of this avenue, 
entered by three large gates — bearing above their arched entrances 
the inscriptions: "Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord," 
"Because I live ye shall live also," "Them also which sleep in 
Jesus will God bring with Him." 

The grave-yard is laid off at right-angles, and planted with 
cedars. Where the walks intersect in the centre, four of these 
immense trees stand like sentinels above the first grave ever made 
in the place in the plot adjoining — bearing date 1771. At this spot 
the members of the church congregate on Easter morning, and hold 
a religious service, typical of the resurrection, with music from a 
band of six instruments- — accompanying the singing of sacred an- 
thems. The graves, green hillocks lying side by side, are provided 
with a stone lying flat upon the head of the grave, and decorated 
the evening before with various floral designs, and there can scarcely 
be imagined a more beautiful ceremony in the early morning, when 
the sun is first peeping above the tree tops of the distant forest. 

The females are buried together, the males together, and the 
children have their own allotted place. According to custom, no 
costly stone is allowed within the enclosure, and no grave is unpro- 



Baptismal and Comniunion Service of solid .silver. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA— WINSTON-SALEM. 35 

vided for, the church keeping this spot, known as "God's Acre," 
in perfect order which is beautiful by its neat uniformity. 

Beyond, lies the cemetery, owned by stockholders, for those 
who prefer burying families together, and where the people of 
Winston also bury their dead. 

The grounds are reached by a rustic bridge spanning a ravine, 
and are laid off with some attention to modern landscape gardening ; 
the sections sold to individuals. Some of the monuments are hand- 
some, with two private vaults above one of which stands a life-size 
marble figure of Hope guarding the entrance. 

Six graves in a paled enclosure has a stone bearing the inscrip- 
tion : "Our Confederate Dead." Soldiers who died in a hospital. 

When a death occurs in Salem the announcement is made by 
the blowing of six brass horns in the church steeple, and the tune 
played indicates the age of the decased. The body of the dead is 
never carried into the church where the services are held, but rests 
on a bier on the outside, in former days deposited in a small house 
at the rear of the church. Preceded by the horns, blowing some 
mournful dirge, the bier made of carved mahogony, is bourne on 
the shoulders of pall- bearers, and followed on foot by relatives and 
friends of the departed, one of the most touching funeral proces- 
sions that can be imagined. 

Between the grave-yard and Academy grounds lies Wachovia 
Park — a beautiful tract of forest land, spring of pure water, and a 
clear rippling stream murmuring over a pebbly bed — one of nature's 
choice uudisturbed spots of loveliness. 



36 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 



HOW OFT I'VE TROD THAT SHADOWY WAY. 



Full many a peaceful place I've seen, 
But the most restful spot I know, 
Is one where thick, dark cedars grow 
In an old graveyard cool and green. 

The way to the sequestered place 
Is arched with boughs of that sad tree, 
And there the trivial step of glee 
Must sober to a pensive pace. 

How oft I've trod that shadowy way. 
In by-gone years, — sometimes while yet 
The grass with morning dew was wet. 
And sometimes at the close of day. 

And sometimes when the summer noon 
Hung like a slumberous midnight spell. 
Sometimes when through the dark trees fell 
The sacred whiteness of the moon. 

Then is the hour to wander there. 
When moonlight silvers tree and stone, 
And in the soft night wind is blown 
Ethereal essence subly rare. 

At such an hour the angels tread 
That hallowed spot in stoles as white 
As lilies, and in silent flight 
They come and go till dawn is red. 

John Henry Boner. 

Native of Salem, now of. New York. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 37 



CHAPTER VII. 



Peculiar Customs. 

One of the peculiar customs of the early Moravians was that of 
marriage by lot. According to their ideas, young people were not 
allowed to mingle freely together in social life. There was no vis- 
iting or meeting except in the presence of their elders, after the 
European style. The young brethren lived together, and the young- 
sisters, when fourteen years of age, left their homes and went to the 
Sisters' House, where they were under the guidance of an elderess 
of the Church, who directed what kind of employment should en- 
gage their attention in the various industries in which the sisters 
were proficient. 

This was their home, as an increasing family in the paternal' 
dwelling did not allow room or time for such study and reflection 
as was needed to fit them for the duties of life. When a brother 
desired to marry, he went to the pastor of the church, signifying 
his purpose, and perhaps naming the young lady whose character 
from reputation would suit him. Assembling the elders, after con- 
sultation and prayer, the matter was decided by lot, believing if it 
came out " yes " it was God's will, and if " no " accepting it as not 
the best for either they should live together in holy matrimony. 
When the lot revealed "yes," then the minister went to the elderess 
of Sisters' House and told her the decision. She summoned the 
young sister, who had the privilege of declining or accepting the 
offer of marriage after due consideration. If she accepted the day 
was appointed, and the elderess immediately set to work to help 
her prepare for the important event, one of the requirements being 
a goodly supply of linen for household use, which was spun from 
the flax cultivated so extensively in the country, and woven by 
their own hands. The marriage was usually celebrated at the 
church, the bride entering one door with her father, the bridegroom 
the other, — meeting at the altar perhaps for the first time. 

The Synod of 1817 decided to abolish marrying by lot, some 
of the younger members rebelling against its requirements, as ac- 



38 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

cording to the Church discipHne, if a brother went in opposition 
to the lot, he was immediately expelled, and not allowed to live in 
the settlement. There is no criticism of the custom. The matter 
was entered upon religiously, and accepted in faith, no evil conse- 
quences ever followed, and no divorce to this day has ever been 
known amongst the Moravians of Salem. Marriage has always 
been with them a sacrament, not a civil ceremony. 

Their children are considered a part of the Church, not merely 
Sunday School scholars. Very early they are learned to attend the 
public services, and each has his hymn-book and reads the litany 
and engages in singing, presenting a uniformity of worship not found 
elsewhere. In the homes the daily te.xt is read at the morning 
meal from a small pamphlet arranged yearly for each day in the 
year, with some verses from the Bible, one of which is always doc- 
trinal. This is printed in different languages, and in use by Mora- 
vians all over the world. The children are also learned at an early 
age to ask the blessing at the table. 

The Festival days are an important branch of church services — 
divided into the Sisters, Single Brethren, Widows, Married Peo- 
ple and Children, when each class is thus honored, while at Christ 
mas, Easter and other appointed days, the whole congregation 
unites in the celebration. The festival day is ushered in by music 
from the church steeple by the horns, chapel service in the morn- 
ing, and in the afternoon a love-feast of sweet buns and coffee 
handed on trays by si.K gentlemen and six ladies, the latter with 
snowy dress caps and white aprons. The coffee is served in china 
mugs with milk and sugar already prepared. While partaking of 
this, the choir renders some fine anthems alternating with hymns 
by the congregation, only the music and swell of the organ through 
a continuous service with prayer at the opening and benediction at 
close comprising the features of the entertainment. 

On children's day, after the love-feast in afternoon, there is a 
special programme for the night. Wires are stretched between the 
church and President's house with a symbolic figure in centre, and 
upon these are hung dozens of Chinese lanterns. When lighted, 
the children march out on the steps of the church, while the con- 
gregation passes through the side doors, and surround them while 
they sing a hymn led by the cornet. This is one of the most in- 
teresting occasions that can be imagined. The quiet hush of the 
night, the myriad of stars twinkling in the firmament above, the 
varying brilliant lights, the sweet voices of children raised in praise 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 39 

to "Jesus lover of my Soul" — all must fasten the scene upon a 
child's imagination never to be erased. The decorations of tiowers 
inside the church, and designs for lanterns outside are different 
every year. 

On Christmas eve the church is beautifully decorated, one of 
the attractions being an exquisitely painted transparency, represent- 
ing the "mother and child," the light so arranged as to throw a 
halo around the head of the infant Christ. During the services, 
wax candles, about four inches in length, are passed on trays, then 
lighted, one is given to each child, emblems of the light which Christ 
brought into the world. As they pass from the church with their 
twinkling lights, the scene is picturesque and attractive with its 
speaking symbolism. 

The last night of the year the church is generally crowded and 
two services are held, at eight and half-past eleven. During the 
first the " Memorabilia " are read— an epitome of important events 
all over the world and especially the congregation during the year. 
When the clock sounds out the first stroke of twelve suddenly the 
congregation rises in the midst of the speaker's remarks, by one 
mighty impulse supported by the church band and sing rejoicingly 
the hymn, "Now let us praise the Lord." Then they are dismissed 
amidst the wishes and congratulations of "Happy New year." 

Out from this refining atmosphere have gone forth to other 
localities, young men who have made themselves known in the 
world of thought and labor — ^many occupying positions on the lead- 
ing journals of the country. New York, Washington, the West and 
*Texas, bearing evidence of their correct training whUe the musi- 
cians from Salem, male and female, have been distinguished for 
their genius displayed in the leading cities of the Union. West 
Point and Annapolis had their cadets from Salem who are now offi- 
cers in United States Army and Navy, amongst the "bravest of 
the brave ' ' in point of personal courage. 



A. H. BeK>, PMitur G:ilvcstun .111. 1 Dallas Ac:as. 



40 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



The Old Salem Hotel. 

The old Salem Hotel is a place of interest to strangers, by virtue 
of the tragedies that have occurred beneath its roof and the fact 
that a veritable ghost was said to have made its appearance there, 
more than half a century ago, and other items of historical im- 
portance. 

The first inn which occupied the same site was burned in 1784, 
and the hotel was built the same year. It was leased to parties 
who were required to sign a written document pledging themselves 
"to be agreeable and polite to all strangers, to keep an entirely 
clean and inviting House of Entertainment — to watch the domestics 
carefully that they may be polite and obhging and not demand any 
extra gratuity, and in case they were found guilty of asking for 
money, to dismiss them without ceremony. They were also required 
"not to allow gambling, fighting, swearing, immoral conduct or 
the assembling of minors on Sundays, or to permit the use of spir- 
ituous liquors to persons intoxicated or any excess of drinking on 
the premises." 

"The tavern," as it was familiarly termed, thus conducted 
became the social centre of the town. It was the customary resort 
of the burghers, who regularly congregated about the large fire-place 
of the public room in winter or on the long veranda in summer to 
discuss the affairs of the place, and general news of the day as they 
smoked." 

After the Academy became a success, examination day was 
the great event of the year. As there were no railway facilities the 
wealthy Southern planters came in elegant coaches with a train of 
colored servants and fine horses — the like of which has never been 
seen since the civil war. ' ' The large hotel yard was literally packed 
with carriages. It would be difficult to describe those times when 
Southern aristocry was at its zenith, and nowhere else at that time 
could be found so great a collection of wealth, beauty, all the courtly 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 41 

graces and chivalric bearing which characterized Southerners in O 
ante-bellum days." 

The buildings are four in number. ' ' The large red brick are 
of immense size, the walls as thick as a feudal castle and the queer 
saddle roof with dormer windows was surmounted by a cupola and 
bell. The chimneys had great immense fire-places, the kitchen 
paved with blocks of stone. The property was afterwards pur- 
chased and kept for years as a place of entertainment for man and 
beast, but is not now used as a hotel — the rooms being rented 
in suits. Thus the glory has departed from its attractive history 
much to the regret of the travelling public who were always sure of 
welcome and comfort as long as it held out its arms to strangers. ' ' 

Half a century ago, so the story goes, a gentleman came to 
this hotel and registered under an assumed name. The proprietor 
was kind and pleasant. He was sick, and in a day or so was found 
to be afflicted with the small-pox, and was removed to a house on 
the edge of town and a nurse provided. 

He became worse and sent for the proprietor of hotel when 
found he must die, who did not reach him before death claimed him 
as a victim. The old gentleman was greatly troubled and for days 
wondered who he was, and whence he came. Soon afterwards, 
one of the female servants complained while cleaning the room he 
had occupied at hotel that his face had appeared to her. The pro- 
prietor scolded her for such superstition — but after repeated shrieks 
of fear and declarations that he was really present, he decided to 
investigate for himself. The uncanny visitor met him within the 
threshold of the room, told his real name and place of residence and 
desired his wife should be apprized of his death, disappeared and 
has never since been seen. The grave old Moravian, pale and col- 
lected, would not tell his strange experience, but wrote to thei 
address named, received a reply from the wife and sent all his efTects 
home. 'Tis said the old gentleman never liked to talk about the 
incident, which he declared to be literally true. 

The Widows' House had its ghostly visitant also, in the person 
of a workman who was killed by a rock crushing out his life while 
excavating for its cellar. He was atfcired in red shirt and skull-cap, 
and one of the inmates of the building, long years afterwards 
declared she met him on the stair-case. This legend of the ' ' Little 
Red Man" was written up for the Cenf?<jy several years ago, the 
author's mother then occupying rooms at the Widows' House. 
None of the present inhabitants have ever seen him and refuse to 



42 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA- — WINSTON-SALEM. 

believe the superstition, but, still they like to tell the story to the 
curious who are fond of turning over the dust of years and peeping 
into past mysteries. 

There was a European chemist who drifted to Salem and took 
up his abode at the hotel, bought property, planted an orchard and 
vineyard, and made himself at home amongst the people — though 
reticent about his former history. One evening in 1857,, while 
making some chemical experiments a terrific explosion occurred in 
his rpom which tore through the walls, shattered the windows, flung 
the piano in the adjoining parlor across the room, and killed the 
experimenter, mangling him terribly. His burial in the dusk of 
the evening, coupled with the circumstances was very impressive. 

A gentleman from a distance while sick and suffering from 
temporary mania, or by design, during the absence of his attend- 
ant, threw himself from the second story window of his room and 
was instantly killed. This winds up the pitiful list of tragedies that 
tell of the strange complications of human lives. 

"It was to this hotel that Peter Stuart Ney, supposed by many 
to have been Napoleon's Marshal Ney, of France, used to come 
while he resided in Davie county in 1840 or '41, and attracted 
crowds who stared in open-mouthed wonder at his thrilling feats of 
sword play, and other martial exercise. 

There is also a room held sacred, where General Washington 
slept during his stay in Salem. 

Some of the modern private residences of Salem are pictures 
of beautiful comfort with their smoothly shorn lawns, groups of 
statuary, urns filled with trailing plants, large ivy-covered buildings 
of substantial structure — all surrounded by the mystic halo of con- 
tentment. 



44- TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 



CHAPTER IX. 



Settlement of Winston. 

During the year 1848, the old county of Stokes was divided 
by Act of Legislature, and a new county formed, naming it For- 
syth, in honor of Colonel Benjamin Forsyth, an Indian fighter, who 
was killed in Canada in 18 14, a native of the older county. 

The seat of justice was selected where now stands the town of 
Winston, and the following year the Moravian brethren of Salem 
sold fifty-one acres in the woods beyond their town for that purpose, 
at five dollars an acre. 

The town was laid out and named in honor of Colonel Joseph 
Winston, prominent during colonial days in the councils of the pa- 
triots, and one of the heroes of the Revolution. 

It became evident, day by day, that the monopoly, the com- 
munity and lease systems of the Brethren would have to be abol- 
ished, which was done November 17, 1856, and the days of Mora- 
vian exclusiveness were over. The land was sold to private indi- 
viduals ; the Church, however, at this time owning about 1000 
acres of valuable property in the Wachovia tract, much real estate 
in Salem rented yearly, and a bonded and loan interest approximat- 
ing two hundred thousand dollars, managed still by a special church 
board. The Legislature of North Carolina now incorporated the 
town of Salem, which " took its rank with other American towns 
without changing in the least its ecclesiastical connections of the 
congregation." 

The court house and jail of Winston were built in 1852, but, 
being isolated from railroads and no special business centreing 
there, its growth and improvement were slow. 

The freedom from military duty granted to the Moravians at 
their early settlement was rescinded by an enactment of the North 
Carolina Legislature in 1831. During the Civil War, which devas- 
tated the country two decades and half ago, Salem and Winston 
sent into the Confederate service several companies of infantry, and 
two bands of music, which did good service, attesting upon every 



TWIN CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 45 

battle-field their courage and endurance. When the sad end came 
they returned to rebuild up their shattered fortunes and retrieve 
their losses during four years of carnage, went to work and nobly 
have come forth as gold tried by the fire. Politics do not disturb 
their calculations, party quarrels do not excite them, for while the 
Democrats are most numerous, many Republicans live in their 
midst. 

The farmers of this section of country had never conceived the 
idea of cultivating tobacco until 1858, when three planters moved 
from Halifax Co., Va., and settled in the northern part of the county. 
They were experienced tobacco growers, and made such a success 
that others were stimulated to follow their example, when it soon 
became evident that a very superior variety of tobacco, both in 
flavor and quality could be raised in this and adjoining counties, 
and bring a better price than any other commodity. In fact, the 
soil, supposed poor, was found to yield rich returns of the finest 
"yellow leaf" tobacco, and has no superior "in texture, oil or 
aroma, not even in the famed leather-wood district of Henry Co., 
Va." Fresh lands yield from five to eight hundred pounds to the 
acre, old land fertilized yields about the same, but quality not quite 
so good" In 1870 there was not quite two hundred and fifty thou- 
sand pounds raised in the county ; now, "from the best informa- 
tion on the subject, there are not much less than from ten to twelve 
million pounds used annually in the manufacture of plug tobacco 
alone, besides several million pounds of leaf tobacco shipped to 
Europe and other points." This amazing increase shows an im- 
petus of business not excelled by any Western town in the United 
States. 

Winston was no tobacco market until 1872, the farmers taking 
their produce to Danville, Va. During that year, a gentleman'^ 
came from Davie County, looking for a business location. He 
thought this would be a favorable point for tobacco interests and 
proposed opening a warehouse for the sale of leaf tobacco. There 
was no building better than an old frame stable to be found suitable 
for the purpose, but this was rented, and the sale of tobacco begun. 
There were at that time only about four hundred inhabitants in 
Winston, having been for twenty-three years only a place of small 
growth. The railroad connection of Richmond & Danville Road 
during that year afforded an outlet for trade, and factories began 



Major T. J. Brown. 



46 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

to be built, until in 1S75 there were five in successfi.1l operation. 
Since then a mighty business has grown up, millions of dollars are 
invested and expended yearly, twenty-nine factories for the manu- 
facture of plug tobacco, two smoking tobacco factories, two cigar 
factories and twelve leaf or dry factories, have sprung up to meet 
the demands of the trade, and Winston, whose motto has ever 
since been " Excelsior," has won an enviable notoriety as a North 
Carolina town, known far and near through its different grades of 
tobacco, as a place of importance in the commercial world, Its 
business men, engaged in this great traffic, were mostly raised in 
the neighboring sections of the country, and were familiar with the 
growth of tobacco all their lives. Beginning operations here with 
small capital, they have followed up success, increased their number 
of workmen, discarded hand presses and the old methods, moved 
out of wooden buildings into commodious brick structures, and are 
now operating hydraulic presses run by steam pumps, with all 
modern improvements of drying by steam, &c., to be found any 
where. 

Producers have learned that an acre of land will yield six or 
seven times as much in tobacco (from seventy-five to two hundred 
and fifty dollars per acre) as if grown in anything else, and no far- 
mer is guilty of failing to follow up this great advantage, while at the 
same time he devotes enough space to a diversity of other crops 
sufficient for home consumption, thereby manifesting more wisdom 
than cotton growers farther South, who bulk their whole crop on 
the fleecy staple. Frequently as many as five hundred wagons per 
day make their way along the different roads of the county to the 
tobacco warehouses of Winston, where they receive good prices 
for their long and tedious labor, and return home happy with the 
fruit ot their toil, to be expended in improved agricultural imple- 
ments, the necessities and many of the luxuries ot life. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 47 



CHAPTER X. 



Cultivation of Tobacco. 

From the time Sir Walter Raleigh's colonists returned to Eng- 
land and introduced into that country the tobacco they had found 
in America, it has been an article highly prized by the human 
family, and, although a luxury, has grown into more general use 
than any other substance, both sexes considering it a solace and 
comfort in hours of greatest disaster. 

Popes and potentates thundered against its use, declaring it a 
crime, punishable in some countries by death. King James I. 
thought fit to issue against it his famous " Counterblast to Tobac- 
co, ' ' yet steadily but surely it grew in favor with the masses, and 
now, after nearly three centuries have passed, it has become one of 
the most important articles of commerce. 

Some information, therefore, with regard to its cultivation, 
will not be amiss, particularly to those not familiar with its growth. 

The seed is sown very early in hot-beds, and transplanted, like 
cabbage, to hills prepared carefully in rows. This is done in damp 
weather. The ground is kept perfectly free from weeds by plowing 
and hoeing, and has to be gone over frequently to remove by hand 
the unsightly tobacco worms that feed upon its leaves, and would 
soon destroy the plants. When the flower shoot appears this has 
to be nipped off by hand, also all suckers removed. 

Before the first frost it is cut close to the ground, with the stalk 
split and hung upon long sticks. These are hung upon scaffolds 
to dry, great care being observed that the plants are not too much 
crowded. There are no windows in these houses or barns, only 
iron or brick flues along the base, where a fire is kept continually 
for several days until it is cured. This makes the leaf very dry, 
and the planter must wait for a damp day to strip the leaves from 
the stalk. Then the leaves, six or eight in number, are tied to- 
gether across the end, and this bundle is .called "a hand of tobacco. " 
Now it is ready for market, and in this section of the country the 
farmer fills the bottom of his large mountain wagon or wagons with 
the precious commodity, covers it with a wagon sheet, and toils 
along over many a weary mile, sometimes as far as sixty miles to 



48 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

the warehouses of Winston, where he drives in, stays all night in 
camp style, and then exposes his crop for sale. 

A warehouse is a novel sight. It usually occupies a large 
space, one portion of which is reserved for the wagons and teams, 
sometimes as many as one hundred finding shelter beneath its roof ; 
the other portion is where the tobacco is exposed for sale. The 
floor is swept very clean, the tobacco is taken from the wagons on 
trucks and placed in piles, with tags stuck on the end of a small 
stick like, so many little flags, bearing the number of pounds in 
each pile, the farmer's name, &c. The farmer himself classes it 
into different grades, regulated by color and texture, even that on 
the same stalk being classed differently. The most valuable is that 
of light color and most silky to the touch. 

When the floor of the immense warehouse is covered with these 
piles, this is called a "break of tobacco ; then the huge, clanging 
bell, which hangs in a cupola on the roof of the building, is rung, 
manufacturers and dealers hurry in, and when the crowd is col- 
lected, the auctioneer begins with his stentorian voice to halloo, 
and bidding by piles begins. The farmer, with anxious face and 
hands in pockets of his heavy overcoat, slouched hat, pants tucked 
into his boots, watches eagerly the progress of sale, which, if satis- 
factory, brings a pleased expression to his careworn brow, he whis- 
tles softly a little tune, thinks of the comforts possible tor Mary and 
the little ones, pockets his well-earned cash, and goes back to his 
home happy that the crop has paid so well. 

From the warehouse, the tobacco is carried to the factory on 
white oak baskets of peculiar shape, about four feet square, four 
inches deep, — as much as five to eight hundred pounds sometimes 
piled on a basket and hauled on drays, one basket above another 
until the load is complete. When received in factory, it is hung 
separately on racks, sometimes five deep, reaching from floor to 
ceiling, where it is allowed to dry thoroughly. When a damp day 
comes it is taken down, packed in bulk on the floor of another 
apartment, and remains until used, and can be kept for years in 
this state. From there it starts into the manufacturing process. 
Dealers in the leaf, after leaving warehouse, have the tobacco placed 
in hogsheads and ship by rail to other points. At an early day al 
tobacco was taken from plantation to market in hogsheds, a rude 
carriage of the kind constructed to havil one hogshead at a time, 
being one of the curiosities of the past, on exhibition at the Na- 
tional Museum at Washington. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 49 



CHAPTER XI. 



How a Plug of Tobacco is Made. 

The tobacco is removed from where it is placed in bulk to a 
large room, and put in piles on the floor. Women and men sit in 
chairs along the sides of this room, sometimes with stakes like a 
miniature fence all around their chairs, and open each leaf carefully, 
examine it closely, putting each kind in piles between these stakes, 
of the like variety. This is called "classing tobacco." Those 
who work at this have to be expert enough to distinghish the differ- 
ence in each leaf, and be able to place it in its proper position. 
They seem to be well contented, as the work is light, and as their 
nimble fingers spread out the golden leaves, they break into songs, 
frequently all joining in praise to the great Father. While passing 
through one of these rooms we listened to the refrain, "How can 
I forget Him," which echoed through the vast room, and lingers 
in memory yet, with the picture of the busy contentment that seems 
to animate each worker. 

From there, the tobacco is taken to the casing-room, where it 
is spread upon a huge platform about twenty feet square, and 
sprinkled with a solution of licorice and granulated sugar, with a 
flavoring of dried peaches, or other preferred flavor, tossed about 
and shaken together until perfectly distributed through the mass. 
After being thoroughly ' ' cased ' ' it is thrown through trap doors 
into the rolling-room below. The heat in the casing-room is very 
great, huge kettles holding as much as fifty gallons of the mixture, 
being kept boiling by steam all the time, as it must go on the 
tobacco warm enough to spread. The largest leaves are reserved 
for wrappers for the plug tobacco. 

The rolling-room presents a scene not easily forgotten. Work 
benches from eight to ten feet in length, and two and a half or three 
wide, are placed in rows throughout the apartment. These benches 
have two sides. At one side stands the stemmers, generally two 
for each roller, who works on the other side of the bench. The 



50 TWIX-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

stemmers strip the leaf from the stem, and pass over to the roller 
who spreads out three or four leaves together, and by a dexterous 
movement shapes it in form of a plug, cuts off the ragged end by a 
tobacco cutter, (small knife worked by lever), puts on the wrapper, 
weighs it on small scale which stands to the right of his bench, and 
then it is taken to the receiver who stands at a table on the side of 
the same room, where it is again weighed that each lump may be 
uniformly perfect. 

From there it is taken and spread upon large dryers, about 
twelve by two feet in length. These are carried to the dry-house, 
where coils of steam pipes, underneath a latticed floor provides the 
requisite heat, about one hundred and .fifty degrees Farenheit. 
These dryers are piled one above another until the room is filled 
where they remain from twelve to fifteen hours. Some of this 
tobacco is made in plugs, some into twists, but the process of man- 
ufacturing is identical. Plugs weigh from one to eight ounces, 
twist from half an ounce to seven ounces, but all packed in one box 
must weigh the same. 

After coming from dry-house it is too brittle to handle, so is 
packed in large tight boxes, with lids opening from the sides where 
it remains until it draws sufficient moisture for "prizing." 

It is then tagged by boys, who place the plugs in a tin frame 
and stick the tags on with brand and maker's name, sometimes 
tin, and sometimes paper. From there it is placed in the shapes 
of the presses, which look like large, upright stoves standing in 
rows. These shapes have twelve divisions, where the plugs are 
placed each separate. A sheet iron cover fits over. Twelve are 
arranged one above another in the steam hydraulic press, where it is 
subjected to a pressure of one hundred and sixty tons to the square 
inch. Here it remains about twenty minutes, when it is taken out 
by hands with small, round sticks, who strike the plugs from the 
shapes with wonderful rapidity. This is called "prizing tobacco." 

From here it goes to another kind of press, where it is again 
prized in boxes. The lids are put on and the boxes are ready for 
the revenue stamp, which fits in a groove made in one corner. The 
embellishing ot pictures, stamping of fancy brands, completes the 
joJD, and it is ready for shipment ; but no box can leave the factory 
without revenue stamp, which costs eight cents per pound. These 
boxes weigh fi-om ten to sixty pounds to suit the trade. The 
Northern market demands mostly the dark, the Southern the light 
tobacco. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 5 I 

These factories employ from two to five hundred* hands each. 
An elevator runs through the buildings, each floor is provided with 
Fairbank's scales, speaking tubes and telephone. The tempera- 
ture of working rooms must never be lower than eighty degrees 
steam heat. The tobacco stems are piled in bundles in the upper 
floor of factory and shipped to Europe, where they are made into 
snuff" and a low grade of smoking tobacco. 

The negro is in his element in a tabacco factory, preferring to 
work in crowds. Here he works and breaks forth into songs ; 
those in the rolling and prize rooms particular to greet visitors 
with some swelling, echoing chorus they consider a choice enter- 
tainment. 

The rollers employ their own stemmers, and the factory ow^ners 
make their contracts with them. Payment is made every two 
weeks, and it is estimated from sixty to seventy-five thousand 
dollars per month is thus paid out, and goes into other branches 
of trade, making the tobacco interests of Winston one of prime 
importance to every class of business. 



CHAPTER Xn. 



The Churches. 

The Methodist Protestant church membership was moved from 
Liberty to Winston in 1850, to a frame house upon the site of the 
present brick building, which was erected at a cost of three thou- 
sand five hundred dollars. There are two hundred and ten com- 
municants. The pastor is Rev. W. A. Swaim, native of Washing- 
ton County, N. C. , and a graduate of Yadkin College, N. C. 

The Methodist Episcopal church South organization was moved 
from Jerusalem, about a mile north of the city, to Winston in 1852. 
A small brick building was erected on the site of the present com- 
modious edifice, and vised as a house of worship until four years 
ago, when the Centenary M. E. church was built, at a cost of 
twenty-seven thousand dollars. It is one of the most elegant 
churches in the South, — the main auditorium with a seating capa- 
ity of one thousand, and the anne.x, which opens out direct from 



*P. H. Hanes & Co. 




M. E. Church, Winston, N. C. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 53 

the pulpit, with shding doors, seating- five hundred, used as vSab- 
. bath School room, for social church meetings, but thrown into one 
large audience room when the crowd is great by simply opening 
the immense sliding doors. The building is supplied with water, 
heated by a furnace in basement, and lighted by gas-jets, arranged 
around a circular concave surface in ceiling. The architecture is in 
the graceful modern style, with tower rising from one side. The 
windows are gothic style, stained glass, two of which are memorials 
of faithful servants gone home to rest. There are broad galleries 
three sides of the building ; in the back gallery is a large pipe 
organ, recently put up at a cost of thirty-five hundred dollars, of 
exquisite tone. The membership numbers over six hundred. Rev. 
W. F. Norman, a native of Davidson County and graduate of 
Trinity College, is the pastor. 

The Presbyterian church of Winston was organized in 1862, 
and a temporary house of worship built. Last year twelve thou- 
sand dollars was raised, and a handsome, commodious edifice, with 
tower and spire, occupies the old site on Cherry Street, and will 
soon be dedicated. Will have stained glass windows, all the 
modern improvements of heating and lighting, and a small pipe 
organ, already in position. This church, standing at the inter- 
section of one of the streets leading from the public square, is an 
ornament to the place. Rev. E. P. Davis, graduate of Davidson 
College, N. C, and Theological Seminary of S. C. , is pastor. 

The Baptists were organized in 1871, and five years later their 
present church was built, costing four thousand dollars, with some 
later improvements. Church membership two hundred and thirty- 
five. Rev. H. A. Brown, graduate of Wake Forest College, N. C, 
is pastor. 

The Baptists and Methodists have each a chapel in different 
localities of town. 

The Episcopal church was organized, with two members, in 
1877. Shortly afterwards the church was built at a cost of three 
thousand dollars. The congregation had a most efficient rector 
from Brooklyn, N. Y. , last year, but he died very suddenly in 
Washington, and the pulpit has not been supplied. Rev. Mr. Lacy 
did a good work for the denomination, was a true man, but ill- 
health compelled him to relinquish his charge. 

The Moravian church has already been described. Besides 
this, known as "the Home church," there are Elm Street, East 
Salem and Colored churches in Salem, no other denomination but 



54 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

Moravian in the town, and also a chapel in Winston, on what is 
known as the Reservation, a tract still held by Moravians. They 
have a membership of over a thousand. Rev. Edward Rondthaler, 
of Pennsyh^ania, graduate of Theological Seminary, Bethlehem, Pa., 
and of schools in Europe, is pastor. The degree of D. D. was 
conferred on him by University at Chapel Hill, N. C. Rev. John 
McCuiston is his assistant, holding the several chapel services, and 
otherwise aiding in the work of. the ministry. He is a native of 
Forsyth County, a theological student of Dr. Rondthaler, devoted 
to a life-work of Christian usefulness. 



CHAPTER Xni. 



Various Interests. 

Winston-Salem have each a well-equipped Fire Department^ 
that of Salem dating back more than a hundred years, when the 
the first fire engine in America was brought for their use from Ger- 
many. 

The Masons, Knights Templar, Knights and Ladies of Honor, 
and Odd Fellows have lodges in working order in both towns. 

The First National Bank, the Wachovia National, and the Five 
Cent Savings Bank, have their stockholders in both cities, but the 
banks have their places of business in Winston, with an assured 
capital of several hundred thousand dollars, "regularly declaring 
8 and lo per cent, dividends, and stand solid in all respects." 

Winston has a fine graded school building, the outcome of the 
efforts of her citizens in 1877 towards free-school education — cost- 
ing twenty-five thousand dollars including furniture, planned by 
Colonel J. W. Alspaugh, Secretary of the Board of Education, 
" It is a two-story brick in T form, having a length of 190 feet and 
a depth, including Chapel or Assembly room of 170 feet. The im- 
posing tower runs up four stories and with belfry and spire attains 
a height of 112 feet. It has n'ne school rooms, ample halls, a large 
assembly room, a commodious library and office, all elegantly fitted 



TWIN CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — VVTNSTON-SALEIM. 55 

up. The library is worthy of special mention, as it contains a most 
extensive outlay of pedagogic and other works which are a great 
auxiliary to both teachers and pupils, am.ounting to the aggregate 
of over $4,000 worth of books. Altogether, both inside and out, 
the building is handsomely designed and equipped, and may be 
called "the crowning glory of Winston." Number of pupils in 
attendance, 533. 

The Colored Graded School is a two-story frame structure in 
the eastern part of the city, and cost, including grounds and furni- 
ture, $8,500, and contains eight rooms. It has a corps of colored 
teachers, with one thousand children in attendance. 

Both schools are managed by a Board of Education : Maj. W. 
A. Whitaker, Chairman; Col. J. W. Alspaugh, 6V'r;Y'/'«;3'; Messrs. 
Jas. A. Gray, M. W. Norfleet, R. W. Brown. 

They are under the superintendece of Prof W. A. Blair, of 
High Point, N. C, graduate of Haverford College, Pa., degree of 
A. B., graduate of Harvard University, degree A. B., graduate of 
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He is also editor of The 
Schoolteacher, an aducational journal, published in Winston. 

He is ably assisted by three gentlemen and six lady teachers. 
This is considered one of the finest public schools in the State. 

The Public School in Salem has not, as yet, assumed a graded 
form, which it is expected to do during this year, as a lot has been 
purchased and plans made for a brick building. The attendance 
is one hundred and fifty. Mr. S. A. Hege, of Salem, is Principal, 
with one male assistant. There' are, perhaps, as many as half dozen 
private, primary schools in Salem ; Boys' Male Academy, under 
charge of Moravian Church since 1791, and Female Academy, 
which accounts for the want of interest in public education. 

In 1827 was begun the publishing of The Fanners and Plan- 
ters' Ahnanac in Salem, which has been a continuous annual pub- 
lication by the same family ever since. The calculations ha^'e been 
made according to the German style of calendars, and have always 
been considered accurate and reliable, the circulation more extended 
through the Southern States than any publication in North Caro- 
lina. The Salem Printing Office, by J. C. Blum, proprietor of the 
Almaucic, was established in 1827, when the first newspaper in 
North Carolina was published, The Weekly Gleaner. The office is 
still in operation, using now steam presses. The name of paper 



56 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

issued weekly has changed several times, Vjut known as The People s 
Press s\x\c^ 1851. The business is still carried on by L. V. & E. T. 
Blum, sons of the first proprietor. 

The Se?iti7iel, of Winston, was established in 1856 by some of 
its enterprising citizens. The present editar, Mr. Vernon Long, is 
a graduate of Chapel Hill, N. C. It is a weekly, full of interesting 
matter. 

The Union Republican, of Winston, established in 1872, has 
been a successful weekly paper under the management of J. W. 
Goslen, a native of the county, and graduate of Trinity College. 
Being run in the interest of the Republican party, it has been 
ever dignified in its course and entirely just towards the opposite 
party. 

The Txvin-City Daily has been published in Winston, as an 
evening paper, for five years ; since 1886 under the editorship of 
Mr. J. O. Foy. It is bright and newsy, devoted to the best inter- 
ests of the people of Winston-Salem, and has a large circulation. 

The Twin-City Club is an organization of the elite of both 
places, with over one hundred male members, occupying apart- 
ments in the upper part of the Gray block. The institution is gov- 
erned by high moral sentiment and no gambling, betting, &c., is 
allowed. They have a good library, billiard room, and other com- 
forts for the use of members, and a dance hall where their balls 
are given. S. E. Allen, President ; R. L. Crawford, Secretary. 

The Reform Club also have their rooms in Winston. 

The Young Men's Christian Association, organized only one 
year ago, by young men of both towns, but have expended over 
seventaen hundred dollars in furniture, gymnasium and books, with 
a comfortable reading-room in Winston, where first-class newspa- 
pers and periodicals are always to be found, inviting the stranger 
at all times to a hearty welcome. Prof. W. A. Blair, President ; 
E. L. Harris, General Secretary ; W. B. Pollard, Treasurer. 

The Philharmonic Society, of Salem, is composed of musical 
members from both cities, ladies and gentlemen of fine culture. E. 
A. Ebert, President; G. H. Rights, Secj'etary ; A. N. Atwater, 
Treasurer. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 57 

The Salem Orchestra is considered one of the finest in the 
South, its members strictly moral and refined. They are supplied 
with stringed instruments, violins, cornets, flutes and horns, of the 
best manufacture. W. Peterson, Leader ; B. J. Pfohl, Secretary 
and Treasurer. 

Both these organizations are under the direction ot Professor 
George Markgraff, Musical Director of Salem Female Academy. 
They meet weekly at the Music Hall, Salem, in the Museum build- 
ing. Their concerts, given generally for benevolent purposes, are 
well attended, and considered rare treats by the appreciative. 

The Salem Brass Band is popular through all the surrounding 
country, under the leadership of Prof D. T. Grouse, who w^as 
leader of a band in the Gonfederate army. 

The Museum, in Salem, has some rare curiosities, collected by 
the Young Men's Missionary Society of the Moravian Ghurch, or- 
ganized about fifty years ago Many of the contributions have 
been donated by foreign missionaries, while others are relics of 
early Moravian times. Large glass show cases, filled with the 
minerals of the country, petrifactions and precious stones, and 
many from all over the world, are ranged along the walls ; cases of 
shells, every known variety ; large collections of butterflies ; rep- 
tiles in alcohol ; stuffed birds ; anaconda ; alligator, crocodile ; sea 
turtle; musk deer, &c.; varieties of woods ; varieties of bird's 
eggs, including the ostrich ; specimens of coral ; sea-weed ; Indian 
relics ; military weapons of Revolutionary and Gonfederate times, 
are here found. There is a large number of old books : amongst 
them a German Bible, leather back and brass bound, printed in 
1569. A cream-colored, glazed, tile stove, decorated with leaves, 
six feet high, with claw legs, stands on one side of the principal 
room, as there are two large apartments in this building. The first 
piano brought to Salem occupies a prominent position, once be- 
longing to the Salem hotel, and was used during General Washing- 
ton's visit for his entertainment, An odd instrument for taking- 
profiles, before the days of Daguerre ; a wooden foot stove, with 
heater, used in travelling ; small loom for weaving tape for domes- 
tic use by the ladies ; reels of different kinds ; flax wheels, where 
was spun the beautiful linen kept as heirlooms in the families of 
Salem ; German travelling baskets, used by first settlers ; old clock 
from Sister's House ; leather buckets of the first fire engine ; stamps 



58 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

for printing calico ; bottles and pitchers of China- and glass-ware ; 
ship trunks ; first street lamp used in Salem, 1789 ; parchment cov- 
ered Bibles ; high-backed chairs, similar to the one donated by the 
Brethren to the North Carolina Room at Mt. Vernon, and many 
other things are seen in the general collection. There is an Es- 
quimo case ; a Chinese corner, with idol, lacquered ware, tea chests, 
and all kinds of their work ; a large collection of valuable coins 
from all countries, and a beautiful exhibit of Colonial and Conti- 
nental State and United States currency. One of these is amusing : 
TIFO PENCE. 
IVe, or either of its, promise to pay Tivo Pence on demand. 

Salem, Oct. 22, 1803. 
CONRAD KRAISER. 
This was a check for change in a store. One collection is of espe- 
cial interest, the travelling outfit of the Moravians who came from 
Pennsylvania and settled at Bethabara, consisting of a small iron 
pot, pewter plates and cups, tea-pot, coffee-pot, gallon, quart, pint 
and gill measures, lard-oil lamp, all made of the same metal, and 
occupying a corner alone. Above is ranged specimens of the early 
pottery, — the large dish which was the old pottery sign, decorated 
in colors, brown, green and yellow, 1773, being most prominent ; 
then specimens of tableware, ornaments for mantels, moulds for 
pewter plates, as everything practical and ornamental was made at 
that pottery that could be moulded in clay. Around the room are 
framed certificates of the skill of their early workmen brought from 
Europe, as, according to the old custom, no man was allowed to 
ply his trade without such a certificate, oil paintings donated by 
citizens brought over with their household treasures ; some of them 
said to have been done by some of the old masters, at any rate they 
are very fine. There is a steel print of Count Zinzendorf and his 
wife, Erdmuth Dorothea ; steel engravings of Amos Comenius, 
done before his death, in 1670 ; Christian David, and others, whose 
names have been mentioned in sketch of Moravians ; noted Bishops 
and brethren, amongst them that of Peter Boehler, the devoted 
Moravian in whose company John Wesley, founder of the Metho- 
dists, crossed the ocean during his voyage to America, and to 
whom he declared he owed his conversion. The high pulpit, with 
sounding board above, brass candlesticks and chandeliers used in 
the Salem church when first built, in 1800, are preserved here intactj 
and many, many things we have not the space to mention. Alto- 
gether it is a great pleasure and education to visit the museum, and 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA— WINSTON SALEM. 59 

relic hunters would think they were singularly blessed to take a 
peep within its walls. Visitors are expected to drop a mite in the 
contribution box to assist in keeping the collections in order. A 
portion of these things was taken to the State Exposition at Raleigh 
in 1884, with the exhibit of fancy-M^ork and art from the Academy 
during the eighty years of its establishment, together with the 
county exhibit carefully collected, and Forsyth gained the one 
hundred dollar premium offered for the finest county exhibit in 
North Carolina. The money was donated to the Oxford Masonic 
Orphan Asylum, and Forsyth has the honor of being the banner 
county of the State. 

The oldest house of Salem is a large log cabin, one and a half 
story — in continuation of the old pottery — which was established in 
1772 by Gottfried Aust, on another site. All kinds of articles 
for domestic use, tiles for covering houses, tile stoves, and many 
ornamental articles were once manufactured here. The present 
proprietor devotes himself exclusively to the making of clay pipes, 
as there is another pottery where flower jDots, crocks and jars are 
made. The clay used for the purpose is the white clay, which is 
first ground in a mud mill, then dampened and pounded on a large 
block with a mallet until it becomes the consistency of dough. It 
is then rolled by hand on a long table, until it stretches over a yard 
in length, about an inch in thickness, and is then cut in lengths 
of three inches. These are placed, one at a time, in a tin pipe 
mould, which is inclosed in a kind of small press or machine which 
works with a lever by hand, a hole is made through the small end 
by an awl and the pipe is made. They are turned out in rows on 
dryers where they remain several days, when they are trimmed 
off with a pen-knife by hand and packed in earthen-ware cases 
called " sagers." These are packed in a kiln and burned one day, 
when they are ready for market. Fifteen hundred are made per 
day and shipped north as far as Baltimore and Philadelphia, as far 
south as mobile, Ala. Salem clay pipes have quite a reputation. 
" Made from strong and porous clay they are distinct in themselves. 
By virtue of their porosity they absorb nicotine freely, and when 
foul from use may be burned clear in any ordinary fire." 




M. P. Church, Winston, N. C. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 6l 



CHAPTER XIV. 



Associations of Ladies and Children. 

The Twin-City Hospital in Winston is the result of the united 
efforts of the ladies of both places, suggested by Mr. Lacy, — late 
minister of the Episcopal church — and has been in operation since 
December, 1887. The Commissioners of the two towns pay rent 
for the house, and physicians give their services. Theie is a mem- 
bership of one hundred and eighty-eight members who pay weekly 
dues. Money is raised also by concerts, lectures, suppers. A vis- 
iting committee of two ladies for each week is appointed at each 
monthly meeting, who attend to wants of the matron who manages 
the establishment. Expenses since opening, $1,271.49. 

Officers — Mrs. J. M. Rogers, President ; Mrs. A. B. Gorrell, 
Secretary ; Mrs. E. E. Shelton, Treasurer. 

The Benevolent Society, composed of members of all churches, 
has been organized two years, to aid the worthy poor, confined to 
the limits of Winston. A committee from each ward is appointed 
to look after the indigent in their several districts. Each member 
pays yearly dues, and the purses of the citizens are ever open to 
the managers, who collect by subscriptions, and all applications for 
charity are referred to this Society. 

Mrs. C. H. Wiley, President ; Mrs. M. Prather, Secretary ; 
Mrs. J. W. Alspaugh, Treasurer. 

The Ladies' Auxiliary of the Y. M. C. A. was formed in Jan., 
I889 with membership of seventy ladies from both places. They 
have furnished the parlor of the Association, and expended three 
hundred dollars money, and presents given, entertained the Dis- 
trict Association, and given several dinners and entertainments to 
the gentlemen. 

Mrs. Bitting, President; Mrs. M. Williamson, Treasurer; Mrs. 
Henry Fries, Cor. Sec. ; Mrs. J. M. Rogers, Rec. Secretary, 



62 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

The Womens' Christian Temperance Union was organized 
February, 1884. Members are required to sign the Temperance 
pledge. " Different subjects are discussed at each weekly meeting; 
as its object is the uplifting of humanity." There are forty-two 
members. They have raised and expended in the different depart- 
ments of their work five hundred dollars. 

Mrs. J. P. Ector, President. 

The Female Missionary Society of Baptist church, Winston has 
been in working order twelve years. Dues are collected regularly 
and funds sent through the church ;o Association. They raised 
last year for foreign missions fifty-five dollars. 

Mrs. H. A. Brown, President and Treasurer. 

Ladies' Aid Society of Baptist church organized March, 1886, 
its object being to assist the church where most needed. $551.84 
has been raised by various suppers, &c. Members twenty-five. 

Mrs. Dr. Watkins, President ; Mrs. E. O. Allen, Treasurer ; 
Miss Fannie Cox, Secretary. 

The Sunbeam Society of Children of Baptist church has sixty- 
seven members. Its object is to study the manners and customs of 
different countries towards missionary efforts. Since March, '89, 
they have raished $71.00 to assist with State missionary work. 

Ladies' Parish Aid Society of Episcopal church organized 
March 22, 1886, with rector as President, and lady Vice-Presidents. 
Amount raised to date, $159.00. 

Mission Society, Presbyterian church, devoted to foreign mis- 
sions exclusively — organized 1875. Has thirty members. Amount 
contributed to present time, $697.60. 

Mrs. H. D. Lott, President ; Mrs. R. Glenn, Secretary ; Mrs. 
J. B. Watkins, Treasurer. 

Ladies' Aid Society, of Presbyterian church, organized 1885. 
Their object was to assist in raising funds for building their new 
church. With forty members they succeeded in paying over 
$1400.00 to the building committee. 

Mrs. Sophy Lanier, President ; Miss Watkins, Secretary ; Mrs. 
H. D. Lott, Treasurer. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 63 

The Happy Sailors with Christ as their Captain, is a Society 
of boys in the Presbyterian church. Has twelve paying members — 
been in operation three years. They made a Christmas offering to 
the Thornwell Orphan Asylum at Ch'nton, S. C, and have paid for 
pulpit of new church. 

Mrs. E. J. Lott, Matron. 

Methodist Protestant Ladies' Aid Society, organized 1888 — 
devoted to lending assistance to any branch of church work. It 
has supplied the church with new carpets, chandeliers, Bible and 
stove, and assisted with pastor's salary, expending $187.00. Mem- 
bership 30. 

Mrs. S. Starr, President ; Mrs. B. F. Norman, Sec. and Treas. 

Womens' Missionary Society of Methodist Episcopal Church 
South, organized 1879. Has raised and expended $931.79. 

Mrs. R. S. Davis, President ; Mrs. Frank Martin, Secretary ; 
Mrs. Celeste Alspaugh, Treasurer. 

Bright Jewels Juvenile Methodist E. Church Society. Auxil- 
iary to Womens' Missionary Society, organized 1886. Has fifty- 
seven members. Money raised $157.90. 

Mrs. M. L. Hendren, Lady Manager ; Miss Gertie Vaughn, 
President ; Miss Katie Hanes, Recording Sec. ; Miss Mamie Gray, 
Treasurer. 

The Salem Female Missionary Society, organized 1822 — in aid 
of the mission to the colored people of Salem and vicinity. A 
church was built for their use and a missionary appointed to preach 
for them. This mission was supported thirty-six years, when it 
was placed in charge of Salem Congregation, where it still remains. 
They have also made donations to foreign missions having raised 
$4,587.74, and are still devoting their energies to the work of mis- 
sions. 

Dr. E. Rondthaler, President ; Mrs E. Rondthaler, Treasurer; 
Miss A. Steiner, Secretary. 

The Salem Home for aged and infirm women and orphan chil- 
dren, is a well-conducted establishment under the guidance of the 
" King's Daughters," who work in bands of ten. The first ten 
are directors, another ten supplies clothing, another provisions, 



64 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

another fuel, &c. This is a regular incorporated institution, owned 
by a board of trustees, with executive committee of ten. A build- 
ing was purchased and paid for costing two thousand dollars. 
They afford relief and a home for thirty occupants with a matron 
in charge, everything managed in systematic, substantial manner. 
There are ten or tweve bands. 

Mrs. F. Fries, President Board of Trustees ; Mrs. E. W. Line- 
back, Chairman Executive Committee. 



CHAPTER XV. 



This little pamphlet we send forth to the people is as near cor- 
rect as possible to be made. We have consulted the best authori- 
ties on all historical points, and have culled much useful informa- 
tion irom the newspapers published in Winston-Salem. We have 
also compared all this with the traditions amongst the oldest inhab- 
itants, visited in person the warehouses and tobacco factories and 
then read our articles on those subjects to our advertisers who are 
engaged in that business — so the estimates of trade in this particu- 
lar branch of industry might not be considered exaggerated. 



To Prof Blair, Superintendent of the Winston Graded School, 
we are indebted for correct information on the educational subject. 



We are under obligations to Miss 'Elizabeth March, of the 
Winston Graded School, for collecting from their secretaries the 
report of organization and money expended by the ladies' and chil- 
dren' s church and charitable societies of Winston, and to Miss 
Steiner and Mrs. E. A. Ebert, for those of Salem. 



We were kindly shown through the Salem Museum by Mr. J. 
A. Linebach, who has taken much interest and devoted, many years 
in gathering together and arranging for the Young Men's Mission- 
ary Society, now extinct, the very valuable collection, which is one 
of the finest to be found anywhere. 

"Sunset on Pilot Mountain," a gem from the pen of Miss E. A. 
Lehman, at the head ot Literary Department of Salem Female 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 65 

Academy, many years, and also editor of Academy, we are sure 
will be appreciated by our readers. In point of intellectuality Miss 
Lehman is the peer of any woman in the South. 



The touching little story, "The Guardian Angel,'" is a true 
incident in the history of Bethabara, given us by a literary gentle- 
man of Salem. 



' ' How Oft I've Trod that Shadowy Way, ' ' we have been granted 
permission to use by the author John Henry Boner — a native of 
Salem whose name has become familier In the leading periodicals 
of the day. His work, "Whispering Pines," published several 
years ago, entitled him to rank as one of North Carolina's leading 
poets. He is at present connected with The Cenhuy Magazine, 
New York. 



Such are the facts, incidents and histories of the Twin-Cities of 
North Carolina — which we have faithfully sought to chronicle. We 
have endeavored to show the character of the early pioneers whose 
settlements stretched in a continuous line along the entire Wachovia 
tract. We have also tried to show that the immense business inter- 
ests of Winston-Salem is not the result of capital from abroad but 
the outcome of individual enterprise and energy of her native born 
citizens who have developed their own resources in a remarkable 
manner. Last, but not least, the people themselves are possessed 
of the highest tone of moral character. Cherishing reverently the 
traditions of their forefathers, emulating all that was good in their 
institutions, going forward in the line of duty — improving upon the 
solid foundation of the past they form a society that has no superior 
within the broad bounds of the United States. To set this in a true 
light that others may catch the reflection, has been to us a labor 
intensely interesting. 




u 
o 



TWIN CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 67 



CHAPTER XVI. 



OUR ADVERTISERS. 



F. & H. Fries. 

In the year 1840 Mr. Francis Fries, who had previously been 
Superintendent of the Salem Cotton Manufacturing Co. , established 
for himself a small wool carding establishment. As his business 
increased he added new machines, and in 1846 still further enlarged 
his mill and associated with him his brother, Mr. H. W. Fries, 
who is the Senior member of the present firm. 

Under the name F, & H. Fries the business increased rapidly, 
and in addition to wool carding, spinning and weaving, a cotton 
mill was started in 1848, the building being erected by the side of 
their woolen mill. 

In 1859 they established gas works, which are still in active 
operation, and supply gas to the Female Academy, Salem church 
and many private dwellings. 

Upon the death of Mr. Francis Fries in 1863, the business was 
conducted by Mr. H. W. Fries, and from that date until 1879 sev- 
eral additions were made in their buildings. 

During that year the firm was re-organized and while the orig- 
inal firm name of F. & H. Fries was retained, the members of the 
firm were increased so that at present is composed of Messrs. H. 
W. Fries, J. W. Fries, F. H. Fries and H. E. Fries. 

In 1880 and 1881 the new firm erected a large cotton factory 
called the "Arista Mill" separate and apart from the woolen 
mill. The quality of goods manuiactured has made for the firm 
and mill such a reputation they are not able to fill the numerous 
orders irom all sections of the country. 

During the present year the firm have enlarged ' ' Wachovia 
Flouring Mills," which they have been running since 1877, and 
now have an elevator built after the most modern ideas, with a 
capacity of 30,000 bushels of grain, while their mills grind daily, at 
least a car load of grain. 



68 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

All the various mills of F. & H. Fries are supplied with mod- 
ern machinery and conveniences. They were among the first, if 
not the first, to introduce electric lights into their mills, while in 
addition to the water works of the town, they have their own fire- 
pumps, and have their mills thickly covered with water pipes and 
automatic sprinklers. 

All these mills are run by engines bought of Messrs. Robert 
Wetherill & Co., Chester, Penn. 

The members of firm are all engaged in public enterprises. 
Mr. H. W. Fries has been for years Director of the N. C. R. R. 
Co. Mr. J. W. Fries is Trustee of State University, Salem Female 
Academy, Director of the N. W. N. C. R. R. Co., and one of the 
Board of County Commissioners. Mr. F. H. Fries is President of 
the Va. & N. C. Construction Co., and has in complete and running 
condition 30 miles of the Roanoke & Southern Railway. Mr. H. 
E. Fries is Trustee of the A. & M. College at Raleigh, also of 
Davidson College, and is at present Mayor of Salem. 

Fries, Giersh & Senseman, General Merchandise. 
One of the largest mercantile houses in Salem is that mentioned 
above. H. W. Fries the senior partner is well known in manufac- 
turing, H. A. Giersh Is a native of Sa'em, six years a merchant and 
in '87 became a partner as above. Mr. Senseman is in the stove 
trade as noticed elsewhere. The firm keeps a full line of general 
merchandise and does a leading trade. They also keep a full line 
of Ziegler Brother's popular manufacture of fine shoes, for men, 
women and children's wear, and the sales for the past twelve month:i 
show a large advance over previous years. Fries, Giersh & Sense- 
man have a considerable jobbing trade but give special attention to 
their large retail business, occupying three stories with their wares, 
and are the leading house in Salem merchandise. 

W. O. Senseman & Co., Stoves, Tin and Slicet Iron Merchandise. 
Has been conducted at the sign of the big coffee pot, in Salem, 
for thirty-three years, first J. E. Mickey, then G. A. Boozer, Giersh, 
Senseman & Co. (H. E. Fries). Since January, 1885, W. O. Sen- 
seman & Co- (H- E. Fries). Tobacco flues are one of their special- 
ties and tinware, at wholesale and retail, with grates, heaters, cook- 
ing stoves. All the members of the firm are natives of Salem. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 69 

A C. VoGLER & Son, Salem, N. C., Undertaking and Furniture 
A C Vogler is a native of Salem, and after a five year's 
apprenticeship with the venerable John D. Sievvers, he opened up a 
cabinet shop on his present site, thirty years aj:^o Mr. Vogler 
added ready-made goods to meet modern progression, now has a 
good assortment of furniture, ordering the finer grades by sample, 
when desired- This house manufactures common cofiins and furn- 
ishes fine caskets to meet his demand in undertaking. In this line 
his trade spreads out over a wide territory, and with a quarter of a 
century's experience, every requisite to the last sad rides is care- 
fully looked after. With January, '87, Mr. V. admitted his son, 
Frank H., as a partner. Frank has since received a diploma from 
the Oriental School of Embalmers, and is secretary of the North 
Carolina Undertaker's Association. The trade of the firm extends 
out for a radius of twenty miles or more- 

F. C. Meinung. 
The above named gentleman is actively engaged in the manu- 
facturing and repairing of carriages, wagons and trucks, and occu- 
pies the old stand of his father on Main street, Salem. The busi- 
ness was established in 1837 by Mr. H. E. Meinung, father of Mr. 
F. C. Meinung the present proprietor who in 1884 succeeded his 
father in business. He has had many years experience having 
learned the trade quite young. His shop is well provided with all 
the modern mechanical appliances necessary in the business, and 
he gives constant employment to a number of skilled workmen. 
None but the best materials are used in the construction of his work. 
Mr. Meinung pays close attention to his duties, personally super- 
intending all work done, and never failing in giving perfect satis- 
faction. 

AsHCRAFT & Owens, Winston, 
occopy store in the Gray Block fronting on two streets, a large ele- 
gant store sufficient with everything in the Drug line, and do a 
thriving business. Mr. Bertram Owens is a native of Birmingham, 
Pa., and graduated at Nassau National College of Pharmacy. Mr. 
Henry Ashcraft, native of Monroe, N. C. , where he conducted a 
successful business several years. They are enterprising young 
men. Commenced operations in Winston, February, i886. 



yo TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

ROSENBACHER BROTHERS, WiNSTON, N. C, 

Diy Goods, Clothing aiid Furnishing. 
The separation of different lines of trade is an enterprise that 
enables a firm to carry a larger and more complete assortment in a 
special branch and give closer attention to its details, and the above 
firm has done its share towards the division of the various lines of 
trade in this city. Three separate stores are conducted by this 
house The clothing and gents' furnishing house occupies the 
double front Buxton building 40x85 feet and is said to be the largest 
room and best assortment of clothing to be found in the State of 
North Carolina, comprising all sizes and qualities demanded in the 
trade. Two rooms of the fine Gray block, 25x85 each, and com- 
municating by an archway, are filled with a complete assortment in 
their lines. One department comprises dry goods, carpets and 
millinery, the other is devoted to hats and shoes exclusively. The 
shoe store is thoroughly filled with everything desirable in foot 
wear. We cannot go into the minutia of this extensive concern, 
but will simply say that Rosenbacher Bros, are shrewd buyers, are 
fully alive to the interests of their customers and there is nothing 
that a lady could desire in dry goods, domestics or notions but 
what they endeavor to keep. A dozen clerks find employment in 
these three stores and a large business is transacted. The partners 
are of German nativity and in trade at Areola four years prior to 
engaging in the trade of this place in 1880. 

Phillip Christopher Vogler, the ancestor of all the Voglers in 
North Carolina, was born in 1725 in the Palatinate on the Rhine. 
He first emigrated to Broadbay, Me., and from thence to this 
vicinity in 1770. 

John Vogler, his grandson, who lived to the advanced age ot 
97 years, commenced the watchmakers trade about 1800, and was 
succeeded by his son E. A. Vogler, with whom W. T. Vogler was 
associated until 1871, when he set up in business for himself. 

In 1879 Mr Vogler becoming convinced that Winston would 
be the centre of trade, removed his store here, but continuing to 
reside in Salem. 

The location is on Main St., opposite the Merchants' Hotel, 
and as the establishment, from its commencement, has enjoyed the 
patronage of our best citizens, Mr. Vogler has been enabled to fit 
up his store very handsomely, and displays a large stock in every 
department of the jewelry trade. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA— WINSTON-SALEM. 7 1 

His son Henry E. Vogler, has recently taken a thorough course 
in OpticS; in New York, and is now successfully fitting glasses to 
persons who have defective visions. 

S. E. Allen, Dealer in Hardware, China, Crockery, &c., 
moved from Raleigh, N. C. to Winston in 1876. He was raised in 
Granville county, connected with Richmond & Danville Railroad 
as general ticket and passenger agent before moving to Raleigh. 
Mr. Allen is a citizen alive to all the interests of progression, a safe 
reliable gentleman of strict moral character. 

H. W. Shore, Groceries and Confectionery. 
H. W. Shore was born in this vicinity and has lived in Salem 
over 35 years. He was for a long time a clerk in the post-office 
and served for thirteen years as postmaster. In Dec. '82 he opened 
his stock of merchandise at the corner of Main and New Shallow- 
ford Sts., where he keeps a full line of family and fancy groceries, 
queensware, confectioneries and cigars. Mr. Shore has a large 
acquaintance throughout the country. 

Brown & Brown, Winston, N. C. 
Druggists and Opera House Lessees. 
Smith & Brown fitted up the commodious drug rooms near the 
corner Fourth and Liberty streets in 1882 and a year since F. C. 
Brown purchased the interest of Maj. Smith making the firm name 
Brown & Brown. The Browns are both natives of Davie count}', 
N. C, having come to Winston in 1872, and in 1880 engaged with 
Maj. Smith in the drug enterprise. F. C. Brown has long been 
principal salesman with W. T. Carter & Co. The store is finely 
fitted up having handsome shelf ware, soda fountain, etc. The 
management is in the hands of W. C. Brown whose long seivice in 
business leaves it unnecessary for us to add further comment. This 
firm also has the management of Brown's Opera House. 

W. P. Ormsby, Salem, N. C, 
Dealer in Pianos, Organs and Musical Merchandise and Agent for 

Domestic Sewing Machiiies, 
is a native of England. Has been in the business ten years having 
had branch stores in Winston, Salem and Greensboro. Was the 
first to open a music store in the Twin-Cities. He is a practical 



72 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

musician playing first violin in the Salem Orchestra. Mr. Ormsby 
worked for years in a piano manufactory in Europe and is an inge- 
nious artist in wood. He has made a ladies folding desk which is 
a rare piece of worVmanship using eight thousand eight hundred 
pieces of wood, thirty-five covering space of a silver dime. In its 
construction he employed thirty-five varieties of wood imported 
from China, Persia, Africa, Australia, Brazil, Italy, France and 
England. It is artistically inlaid in stars, flowers, musical instru- 
ments and fruits. The desk is eighteen inches long, ten wide when 
unfolded, five inches deep, with five tiny secret drawers. He spent 
ten years in arranging it as desired, and values it at fifteen hundred 
dollars. He has taken premiums at State Exposition, and will send 
it to the Columbus Centennial where it will no doubt be accorded 
first premium for the most remarkable piece of mechanical skill. 
His business is in a flourishing condition, as he is ever ready to 
attend to orders. 

Dr. J. F. Shaffner 
is engaged in the drug business Salem — a native of the place His 
father, a native of Switzerland came to Salem in 1834. His brother 
had emigrated in 1818. The old gentleman was fond of relating his 
first experience in America. As he was coming on stage from Fred- 
ericksburg to Richmond en route to Salem, they were overtaken by 
the meteoric shower or falling of the stars, people are so fond of 
relating. Thinking it one of the peculiarities of a new country, he 
was not alarmed until the stage-driver unhitched his horses and 
refused to proceed until the strange phenomenon was over. Dr. 
Shaffner is an energetic business man, owning also a bone mill 
where bones are crushed and sold as a fertilizer to the farmers in 
surrounding country. He has also, a cotton gin, but gins only 
about one hundred bales per year, as that article is not much raised 
by farmers in this vicinity. His son, ]Mr. Henry Shaffner, is pro- 
prietor of Salem clay pipe factory. 

The First National Bank of Winston 
was organized March, 1876, with a capital of $50,000, which was 
shortly afterwards increased to f 100,000. The bank has a present 
surplus and undivided profits of $65,000, has regularly declared 10 
per cent, dividends and stands solid in all respects. 

J. A. Bitting, a native of Stokes County, was elected as Presi- 
dent of the institution upon its opening, and shortly after removed 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 73 

to Winston, where he has assisted in developing manufacturing- 
and other progressi\'e matters of the city. J. W. Alspaugh is a 
native of this place, was a practicing attorney and negotiated loans 
for the capitalists of this vicinity prior to commencing the banking- 
business as cashier of the First National on its opening in 1876. 
Col. Alspaugh was Mayor at different times, for several years editor 
and proprietor of the SentineL and has been more or less identified 
with every movement for the public good. 

Racket Store, Winston. 
D. D. Schouler, proprietor, was brought up in the mercantile 
trade of New York city, and six years ago located in this place. 
He keeps a large line of Dry Goods, Millinery, Fancy Goods, No- 
tions and stationery next door to the Post Office, a few months 
since on account of his extensive ladies' trade having removed the 
Gents' Furnishing, Clothing and Goods in that line to a store-room 
across the street in the Liberty Block, where auction sales are con- 
ducted every night. The Dry Goods house is furnished with the 
elevated cash system, the counter-sunk, unique show-case plan, 
and is conveniently arranged throughout. Mr. Schouler is well 
satisfied with his success in Winston, and has invested in real estate 
and building to the improvement of the place. 

B. F. Hanes, Manufacturer of Phtg, Twist and Fancy Tobaccos. 

This plant was established by Mr. Hanes in 1886, who started 
business without a brand or a customer. By steady perseverance, 
sound judgment, indomitable pluck, coupled with fair dealing, and 
the manufacture of honest goods, his success has been almost phe- 
nomenal. 

His tobacco works are not only a model of their kind ; a mon- 
ument to the man and an ornament to the city and the trade, but 
among the most extensive in the South. 

Now, in 1889, the fourth year of the business, the output in 
net work in the boxes is six hundred thousand pounds. 

Mr. Hanes is himself a practical manufacturer, acquainted with 
the details in every department, from the warehouse floors where 
the leaf is purchased, to the storage rooms of the factory, where 
the long rows of boxes containing the manufactured goods, displays 
the several brands to charming advantage. He not only gives a 
personal supervision to every department in his large establishment 
but makes his own selection of the stock and material used in 



74 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

the manufacture of every one of his justly celebrated and popular 
brands, whether common or fancy stock. Hence his goods have 
steadily climbed up into popular favor and to-day stand as first 
class favorites. Mr. Hanes does an extensive business and 
is well and favorably known as a tobacco manufacturer through- 
out North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Missis- 
sissippi, Tennessee, Florida, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia. 

His goods and brands are well known and appreciated ; an 
evidence of the fact is the large and increasing demand in Balti- 
more, Philadelphia and Washington City. The goods of B. F. 
Hanes have found their way to the golden doors of California and 
of New Mexico. There, in a far away land of strangers to all 
North Carolina tobacco, they have found friends and are constantly 
duplicating themselves. All he asks is a trial." 

Ebert, Payne & Co., Tobacco Manufacturers, Winsio7t, 
have been associated together only one year. Mr. E. A. Ebert is 
a native of Salem, his father one of the early Moravian settlers. 
He was interested in the tobacco business with W. W. Wood & 
Co. until their dissolution, when the present firm was established. 
Mr. R. M. Payne moved from Davie County in 1885, has his resi- 
dence in Winston, while his partner resides in Salem. They have 
done a successful business during this year, their tobacco is becom- 
ing known on the market, and they have an encouraging outlook 
for the future. Mr. Ebert is a prominent Mason and Knight Tem- 
plar, and President several years of the Salem Philharmonic Society. 

The Belo House, Salem, 
is occupied by Mrs. J. A. Hansly as a boarding-house for the ac- 
commodation of families and travelling men, who find there first- 
class fare and good attention. Mrs. Hanby is a native of Wilming- 
ton, N. C. , kept hotel at Wilson several years, and subsequently 
at Kinston, from whence she moved to Salem last summer. She 
rented the old family mansion of the Belos, and is seeking to make 
it a pleasant stopping place for patrons of the Female Academy, 
being only two blocks distant from that institution. The place was 
handsomely improved by the elder Mr. Belo, whose father settled 
the lot, reached by flights of stone steps from the street. At the 
top of each reposes successively an iron fawn, greyhound and lion. 
Iron railings along a stone wall, high up above the street, encircle 
a tastily laid off" flower garden, with large conservatory to the right. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 75 

The Virginia creeper covers one end of the large building in a mass 
of living green, while a graceful iron veranda extends across the 
entire front of the house. No lovelier place could be selected as a 
boarding place, either permanently or temporarily, while Mrs. 
Hansly is a lady who understands making her guests feel perfectly 
at home beneath her roof 

Brown, Ro(;ers & Co., Winston, 
do a thriving hardware business in a double front store under 
Brown's Opera House. The building is 90 feet deep, and the out- 
lay in all kinds of hardware is complete. They also make a spe- 
cialty of Agricultural Implements, .Steam Engines, Mill Supplies, 
and keep on hand a large stock of Buggies and all kinds of Car- 
riage Material, with regard to the special wants of the farming- 
community. The senior member of the firm is Major T. J. Brown, 
who has been mentioned in connection with early history of Win- 
ston, and is a native of Davie County, N. C. Mr. Rogers is from 
Charleston, S. C. They have been associated together since 1878, 
and have a large trade throughout the surrounding country. 

S. E. Hough, Photographer, 
is a native of New York, was in the West Indies three years, and 
in New York twelve years. He is a fine artist, and his pictures 
give entire satisfaction. His rooms are large and conveniently sit- 
uated on Main Street, Winston, and he enjoys a large patronage 
from the people and from the young ladies of Salem Female Acad- 
emy. He keeps a large number of views constantly on hand of 
buildings and places of interest in the Twin-Cities. 

W. A. Whitaker, Tobacconist, Winston, 
is a native of Yadkin County, and has had a wide experience 
in handling tobacco. His factory, on the corner of Church and 
Fifth streets, was originally built for a leaf house, is 44x116, having 
five floors, and with recent additions, is thoroughly equipped 
throughout. He employs about 150 hands, and has a capacity of 
fully half million pounds annually. 

Mr. Whitaker uses only the leaf grown in the Piedmont sec- 
tion of this State. He is an expert buyer, and in his famous 
" Lucille " claims to have a product that cannot be excelled. White 
Wings, Coronet, Zip, Golden Slipper, Twin-City, Empress, Dick 
Graves, Peach and Honey, Olive Branch, and Ottar of Roses are 



76 TWIN CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA- — WINSTON-SALEM. 

among' the favorite brands of this establishment. Mr. Whitaker is 
a progressive citizen as well as tobacconist, and has done much for 
the school system of Winston-Salem. The elegant electric light 
system which Winston has, its magnificent club-room, and various 
other public enterprises are largely indebted to his fostering care. 

C. H. & C. A. FoGLE, 
under the firm name of Fogle Brothers, do an extensive business 
as Builders and Contractors. They are natives of Salem. Their 
great-grandfather was amongst the early settlers of Bethabara, and 
subsequently the family removed to Salem. Their father, Mr. Au- 
gustus Fogle, was Sheriff of Forsyth County many years, and after- 
M'ards Mayor of Salem. They ha\e been engaged in the manufac- 
ture of Sash, Doors, &c., since 1871. Additional buildings and 
machinery were added from year to year as their business required, 
and the present two-story brick of plain architecture was erected in 
1883. It is 60x120, filled with the best of plain and fancy sawing, 
planing and carving machinery, a fine equipment equal to any other 
in the State. The Arista Mills and many of the best business 
houses and private residences in the Twin- Cities have been built by 
them. Their dealings with customers are very liberal, and a large 
number of laborers and mechanics have secured homes by having 
long time payments that could not have done so otherwise. They 
turn out all kinds of building material, requiring about two hundred 
car loads of hmiber annually, in addition to that purchased at the 
the saw mills in this section. Besides building material, they man- 
ufacture fifty to sixty thousand tobacco boxes annually, giving em- 
ployment in different departments to seventy-eight workmen, mak- 
ing this a business of no small importance to Salem. They also 
keep employed in their comfortable office a lady stenographer and 
book-keeper. 

The Wachovia National Bank of Winston 
was established June, 1879. Mr. W. A. Lemly, the President, has 
been in the banking business many years, as he was elected Cashier 
of the First National Bank of Salem when only nineteen years of 
age, and occupied that position thirteen years, until the same stock- 
holders established the Wachovia National, moved to Winston and 
elected him President. Mr. Lemly is a native of the county. Mr. 
James A. Gray, Cashier, was born in Randolph County, but came 
to Winston in childhood, and has been with the Wachovia Bank 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 77 

since the corporation was formed. Mr. Gray is owner of the hand- 
some block of buildings which bears his name, a cut of which is 
shown in Souvenir. The bank regularly declares eight per cent, 
dividends, is popular with the people, and holds average deposits 
of a quarter million dollars. 

P. H. Hanes & Co., Winston, 
have the largest most extensive works for the manufacture of 
tobacco in North Carolina employing regularly five hundred 
skilled workmen. The firm consists of P. H. Hanes and J. W. 
Hanes, brothers, who were raised in Davie county, N. C. The 
elder was a boy soldier in the Confederate Army, and returned 
home to find the slaves freed, everything lost and the prospect of 
beginning life from the foot of the ladder. Being raised on a farm 
they have practical knowledge of the tobacco interests in this 
section. They had done a small tobacco business at Mocksville, 
but after the venture in seeking to make Winston a tobacco 
market, they were induced to move to the place and begin the 
manufacture of tobacco immediately in 1873. Commencing on 
small capital they had the misfortune to lose their buildings and 
equipments by fire in 1877, but soon afterwards erected about half 
their present factory which was afterwards extended. It is at pres- 
ent a four-story brick structure fronting one hundred and twenty- 
five feet and extending back one hundred and fifty-five feet with 
wings. They have in addition to ttie works used exclusively for ' 
manufacturing tobacco, a large shop for makingtheir tobacco boxes 
with machinery — making the whole establishment complete in every 
particular. They have elegant office rooms, employ ten foremen, 
two book-keepers, one lady stenographer and keep two travelling- 
men on road continually. They have an extensive wholesale trade 
from Maine to Texas, doing a large business in the latter State, as 
they give special inducements to secure that patronage. They 
operate upon a capital of over half a million dollars and are solid in 
every respect. They are prominent members of the M. E. church. 
South, employ some of their capital in public improvements and, 
are substantial and enterprising citizens of whom any place might 
well be proud. 



78 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

P. H. HANES & GO'S 










WINSTON, N. C 




Greek Slave, 
P. H. Hanes' AAAA, 
Man's Pride, 
Missing Link, 
Speckled Beauty, 



Solid South, 
Crowned Heads, 
Cyclone, 

'Possum Hollow, 
Brigham Young, 



WORLD FOR A DIME. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 79 

FRIES, GIERSH & SENSEMAN, 

DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 

DRY GOODS AND NOTIONS, 

SHOES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE. 

Sole Agents for Salem and Winston for 

The Best in America. 
B®^ Our prices are always reasonable. "^^ 

FRIES, GIERSH & SENSEMAN, 
SALEM, N. C. 



H. ^¥. SHOEE, 

Leading Confectioner and Grocerman of Salem. 



DEALER IN 

Best Candies, Nuts, Bananas, Oranges, Figs and Fruits of all kinds. 

Prepared Buckwheat Flour, Rolled Oats, Groats in packages and by 
the pound. 

Canned Salmon, Potted Meats and all kinds of Canned Fruits, Vege- 
tables and Fish. 

Fine Jellies, Preserves, Mince Meat and Cranbery Sauce. 

Best Imported and Domestic Cigars. 

Fresh Cakes, Crackers and Wafers always on hand. 

Headquarters for D. T. Crouse & Son's Earthenware. 

Best New Orleans and Porto Rico Molasses and Purest Syrup made. 

Large line all kinds of 

FA.MILY aROOERIES 

at lowest prices constantly on ha id. 
Plain and Fancy Candies a Specialty, 



80 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

EBEET, PAYNE & CO, 



MANUFACTURERS OF ALL 



STYLES AND GRADES OF 

PLUG AND TWIST TOBACCOS. 

Some of the principal brands made by this firm are : 

Old Town, Sea Island, 

White Pacer, Antelope, 

Gravelly Walk, Big Chief, 

^Vine Sap, Tin Whistle, 

German Nutmeg, Rex, 

Jumbo, Dolly Payne, &c. 

All goods worked from carefully selected sweet leaf peculiar to this 
section. Orders solicited and carefully filled. 

J. F. SHAFFNER, 

MAIN ST., SALEM, N. C, 

DEALER IN 

Drugs, Medicines and Chemicals, 

FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES. 

SPONGES, BRUSHES, PERFUMERY, &c., &c., 

CHOICE DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED CK^ARS. 

mmm mumm cahefull? msmm. 

Orders answered with care and dispatch. 

OUR STOCK OF MEjyiCINES IS C03IJPLETE, 

Warranted genuine and of the best quality. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA— WINSTON-SALEM. 8 1 

W. A. Lemly, President. Jas. A. Gray, Cashier. 



1 Willi lial 




i:k^td: 



^f 



^3 ^4^3 



CAPITAL STOCK, 

SURPLUS FUND AND PROFIT, 



$150,000. 
115,000. 



m 



J. W. HUNTER, 
J. A. GRAY, 
W. A. LEMLY, 



F. H. FRIES, 
W. A. LASH, 
E. E. GRAY, 



J. C. BUXTON. 



82 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

D. D. SCHOULER, 

WINSTON, NORTH CAROLINA. 

PROPRIETOR OF 

Schouler's Millinery Establishment. 

Schouler's Racket Store. 

Schouler's Gents Furnishing Store. 

Cheap John House. 

WE CARRY AN IMMENSE STOCK OF GOODS 

And our prices can't be duplicated. 

ORDERS BY MAIL PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. 

Persons visiting Winston will find it an object to call on us before 
purchasing elsewhere. 



W. O. SENSEMAN & CO., 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 

BEOOMS, TINWAEE, 




Tobacco Flues,'Flue Iron, &c., 



ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 

BROOMS, TINWARE 

AND 

TOBACCO FLUES, 

MAIN ST., SALEM, N. C. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 83 

S. E. ALLEN, 



Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 



^^Hardware+ and+6roGkery^<- 



Corner 3rd and Main Sts, 



WINSTON, N. C. 




.T. 

The Leading 

JEWELER, 



has the most complete stock in his line that can be found 
in Winston-Salem. 

-:- SPECTACLES A SPECIALTY. -> 

His son, H. E. Vogler, who is associated with him, is a practical 
Optician, and can fit i^l.isses to any defect of vision. 

Opposite hJorchant's Hotel. 

MAIN STREET, WINSTON, N. C. 



84 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

W. p. ORMSBY, 



SALEM, N. C. 



-DEALER IN- 




-: PIANOS, :- 




-: OI2,C3-J^lTS, :- 



— AND THE- 



Lioht Riiiiiiiiiu Domestic Sewiiiir Machine. 




Sells for cash or installments.^^* Best goods and lowest prices is 
his motto. J^^ All goods fully guaranteed. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 85 

-:- BELO HOUSE, -:- 

SALEM, N. C. 



Mrs. J. A. HANSLY, Proprietor. 



S.^]VII»I^E I^OO]>J[S FR.EE, 



With many years experience we know how to cater to the wants of 
the traveHng pubHc. 

POLITE AND ATTENTIVE SERVANTS. 

LOCA TED IN B US IN ESS FOR 770 N OF THE CITY, 

MAIN STREET. 




F. G. MElNUNg, 



MANUFACTURER OF 



ALL KINDS OF 

BUGGIES, 
CARRIAGES, 

&c., &c. 

Business and Delivery Wagons a Specialty. 

Have a large variety of photographs of same on hand. Will also 
order any style or grade of Western work. 

CARTS AS CHEAP AS ANY IN THE MARKET. 

All kinds ot Repairing and Blacksmithing done at short notice. 

Main St., Salem, N. C. 



86 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

B. F. Hanes. Phillip Hanes, 

-:- B. F. HANES. -:- 

Manufacturer of all grades of 

-■>-Plug,xTwi8t,-^- 
->->ai]dxFai]GyxTobacG08,-^^ 




FINE TOBACCOS A SPECIALTY. 
-.. PLUG BRANDS. -: 

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, CAROLINA'S FAVORITE, CAROLINA BOSS, HANES' 
FROG GOLDEN CHAIN, GILDED AGE, LITTLE SUSIE, BANDIT'S BRIDE, 
BLACK WARRIOR, OUR SENATOR, HORTENSE, GREY EAGLE, ALPINE MATCH- 
LESS FAULTLESS, PURITY, TOM BOY, FRESH TAP, DELMONICO'S CHOICE, 
DIADEM, COTTON KING, OUR EXHIBIT. 

-:- TWIST BRANDS. -:- 

MONUMENTAL CITY, QUAKER CITY, SCATTERED NATION, SPECIAL 
DRIVE DICK'S PET, GOLD CERTIFICATE, SILVER LAKE. LONE STAR, 
FCLIPSE Rl'SHER, RAVEN TWIST, CHAMPAGNE, RAIL ROAD, CONFIDENCE 
TWIST, DEAD SHOT. 

-:■ ROUGH AND READY GOODS- -:- 

THE CUTTER, OPERA GLASS, PAN ELECTRIC. 

Very Respectfully, 

B. F. HANES. 



TWIN 



•CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. S" 



FIRST PTIOpii WWl 

WINSTON, N. C. 

Capital, - - - - $100,000. 
Surplus and Undivided Profits, $70,000. 

OFFICERS: 

J. A. BITTING, President. J. W. ALSPAUGH, Casheir. 

C. HAMLEN, Vice President. L. W. PEGRAM, Asst. " 

DIRECTORS: 

C. HAMLEN, T. J. BROWN, R. B. KERNER. 

BOOK-KEEPERS: 

P. W. CRUTCHFIELD, L. W. PEGRAM, W. L. PITTMAN. 



ROSENBACHER BROS., 

WINSTON, NORTH CAROLINA. 

HEADQUARTERS FOR 

Fine Dry Goods, Stytlsb Gloaks and 
Beautiful Garpets, Sljoes and Hats. 

Largest Shoe and Hat Store in the State. Ladies' and Gents' 

Fine Shoes in all styles, widths and sizes, at lowest prices. 

Ladies' Fine Slippers a specialty. 

OXjOTHZIHSTG-, 

LEADING CLOTHING STORE OF THE TWIN-CITY, 
Lai'gest Stock and Smallest Prices. 



88 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

FOGLE BEOS. 



Manufacturers of 



Sash, Blinds, Doors, Moulding, 



LUMBER 



-AND- 



: BUILDING MATERIAL, :- 
./- BUILDERS -:- 



-AND— 



-/- CONTRACTORS, -:- 



TOBACCO BOXES AND KEGS A SPECIALTY. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 





W. A. WHITAKER, Proprietor, 



Among some of the popular brands of this well known manufactory 
are: "Lucile, " "Golden Slipper, "Olive Branch," Twin- 
City, Marsh Mallow, White Wings, Billie Taylor, Em- 
press, Coronet, Peach and Honey, Royal Gold Bars, 
Sprig of Acacia, Twin-City Club, Sheila, 
Jefferson's Choice, Zip. 

-:- -:- TWIST TOBACCOS. -: -:- 
Black Fat, Buzzard Wing, Falcon, Ottar of Roses, White Wings. 

SMOKING BRAND— WHITE WINGS. 



These Tobaccos are made of the choicest leaf grown in the Pied- 
mont belt which is unequalled in the world for its fine tex- 
ture, delicacy of flavor and fine chewing quality, 
manufactured with great care and sold at 

BOTTOIVL FRIOES. 



If you want the best selling line of goods on the market 
WRITE FOR SAMPLES AND PRICES. 



9© TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

A. C. VOGLER. F". H. VOGLER. 

[ESTABLISHED 1858.1 



A. C. VOGLEE & SON, 
FUNERAL DIRECTORS 



-AND- 



FURNITURE DEALERS -:- 

MAIN ST., SALEM, N. C, 



BROWN, ROGERS & CO., 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

-: HARDWARE,:- 

-:■ MACHINERY, ■:- 

Agricultural Implements, Buggies, Stoves, Paints, 
Oils, etc., etc. 

POWDER AND DYNAMITE. 

Winston, N. C. 



TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 9I 

LIBERTY STREET, WINSTON, N. C. 

DEALERS IN 

Drugs, Medicines^ Chetiiicals, Fine Toilet Soaps, 

Fancy Hair and Tooth Brushes, Perfumery, Fancy Toilet Articles, 

Trusses and Shoulder Braces, Grass and Garden Seeds, Pure Wines 

and Liquors for Medicinal Purposes, Paints, Oils, 

Varnishes, Dye-Stuffs, Letter Paper, Pens, Ink, Envelopes and Putty. 

Physicians' Prescriptions Accurately Compounded. 

$. G. ROUGR, PROCOGRAPBGR, 

WINSTON, N C. 

PRICES OF PHOTOGRAPHS: 

Cabinets per dozen, $4.00 Cabinets per half dozen, $2.50 

Cards " " 2.00 Cards " " " 1.75 

Minettes, " " 1.50 

Duplicates can be had at still lower rates. Copies made from 
all kiids of pictures to any size required. 

CRAYONS AND WATER COLORS A SPECIALTY. 

Views made in town or country at reasonable rates. When in 
Winston do not fail to call on HOUGH, The Photographer. 

ASHGRAFT & OWENS, 



DEALERS IN 



-:- PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES, -:- 
Stationery and Blank Books, 

Third and Main Strets, Winston, N. C. 



92 TWIN-CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA — WINSTON-SALEM. 

♦^$ALGm BOOK ?TORG.-f 



• ALWAYS ON HAND THE USUAL SUPPLY OF 

School Books, Writing Papers, Writing Pads and 
Scratch Books, Pens, Ink and Pencils. Writing 
Desks, Lap Tablets, Albums, Fancy Box Papers, 
Blank Books, Memorandum Books, &c. 



MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. 

Poems, History, Travels, Biography, Select Illus- 
trated Hymns, Juvenile Books of all Grades, Toy 
Books. 

Photograph and Autograph Albums, Portfolios, 
Work Boxes, Writing Desks, Numerous Fancy 
Articles, useful as well as ornamental. 



^ $%IMUI •!• P^ipip •:• 0FFI6E.^ 



\m 



We are prepared to print, at short notice, as cheap as the cheapest, 

Pamphlets, Handbills, Circulars, Tobacco Labels, 
Programmes, Posters, Business Cards, Cotton 
Labels, Blanks of all kinds. Letter and Bill Heads, 
and Printing of every description. 

-L. V. & E. T. BLUM,- 

SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA. 



4 



-«.F.♦^ & •^ f).♦^ FRIG$,^ 



SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA. 



MANUFACTURERS OF COTTON GOODS, 
MANUFACTURERS OF \VOOLEN GOODS, 



OWNERS OF 



WACHOVIA FLOURING MILLS, 



WOOL CARDED, SPUN, WOVEN AND EXCHANGED 
EOR CLOTH, 



-:- IF YOU WANT -:- 



-»GOOD SHEETING-^.^ 

-:- OF UNIFORM QUALITY -:- 

—ASK FOR— 

-/- ARISTA. -/. 



R & H. FRIES, 

Cotton and Woolen Manufacturers 




O 



< 

o 

Q 

< 



AND OWNERS OF 



I] 



SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




